Volcanoes, Atmospheres, and Magnetospheres, Oh My! The Io Plasma Torus Volcanoes, Atmospheres, and Magnetospheres, Oh My! Dr. Jeff Morgenthaler Photo of comet C/2006 P1 (McNaught) courtesy Giuseppe Menardi and spaceweather.com

Outline Scientific background Observing the IPT Galilean satellites Jovian magnetosphere Io plasma torus (IPT) Observing the IPT Relating the IPT to other facets of the Jovian system Time allowing: other fuzzy blobs I know and love Comets The heliosphere

Scientific background: Galilean Satellites Jupiter is one of the “original” 5 planets Planet is Greek for “wanderer” Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn First telescopic observation by Galileo in 1610 Showed mini Copernican system Four satellites Images: Universe, Kaufmann & Freedman

Galilean Satellite Family Portrait Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Galilean Satellite Family Portrait Image source: NASA/JPL

Tidal heating of Io Image source: NASA/JPL

Io is the most volcanic body in the solar system Prometheus Pillan Patera APOD 2007 February 11, Galileo data from 1997 June 28

Scientific background: Jovian Magnetosphere Magnetic field: approximated by offset, tilted dipole Source

Scientific background: Jovian Magnetosphere Magnetosphere: where a planet’s magnetic field has more influence than the solar wind on plasma ~50 Rj upwind, ~100 Rj downwind NASA/JPL

Io Plasma Torus NASA/JPL

Observing the Io Plasma Torus N.M. Schneider and J.T. Trauger (1995) Neutral density filter Narrow-band filter (e.g. S II])

Observing the Io Plasma Torus: McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope Data

McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope Io Torus Imager Neutral density filter Narrow-band filter Guider CCD

McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope Facility (works at night too)

Relating the IPT to other facets of the Jovian system STIS observations of Io Jovian System – Io Plasma Torus

Io [OI] line Example spectrum: 2002 Jan 26

Io Plasma Torus Summary Torus imager for portable telescopes has been successfully deployed (Nozawa et al. 2004) Need to verify sky is dark enough above Holland, MI N.M. Schneider and J.T. Trauger (1995)

Comet Basics

Anatomy of a comet Ion Tail Dust Tail Head Sun (106 km) Dust (1 m) Comet Hale-Bopp Image Courtesy of H. Mikuz & B. Kambic (http://www.amtsgym-sdbg.dk/as). 10 degree field of view. Blue line is CO+ Typical dust is 1micron, typical hair is about 50-150 microns Head Dust (1 m)

Studying comets: remote sensing CN coma: ESA’s Rosetta going to Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2014) Comet spectrum from Skylab http://history.nasa.gov/SP-404/p46.htm CN coma image from http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/wirtanen.html

X-ray emission from comets and the solar system Solar wind Heliosphere Local interstellar medium (solar wind ion) (cometary or interplanetary hydrogen)

Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer What used to be thought of as interstellar X-ray emission may be entirely heliospheric