Pearlean Day, Ph.D student in Public Health Walden University PUBH Dr. Robert Marino Summer 2010

What is West Nile Virus? (WNV)? Where Did WNV begin in the U.S.? How is WNV transmitted? What are the symptoms? What is the epidemiology status of WNV? How can you reduce the risk of becoming infected? How is WNV treated after diagnosis? What is being done about WNV ?

Learning Outcomes Health Providers will be able to describe the transmission cycle of mosquito and how humans become infected. Health Provider will be able to identify risk factors that increase exposure to WNV. Health Providers will be able to determine the population at risk for contracting WNV.

Learning Outcome Health Providers will be able to describe symptoms of WNV. Health Providers will be able to develop educational awareness information on WNV for the general public. Health Providers will know how to avoid mosquito bites to prevent infection.

Arthropod-borne virus Flaviviridae Virus spread to human by an infected mosquito Ref.

Mosquito-Borne Illness Bird-mosquito transmission cycle Seasonal epidemic

Mosquito-Borne Illness Bird-mosquito transmission cycle Seasonal epidemic

Mosquito Borne Illness West Nile Encephalitis (WNE) St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) Japanese Encephalitis (JE)

, 961 confirmed and probable cases 11, 822 WNV neuroinvasive disease cases OnsetJuly-September

human cases 7 deaths human cases 2 deaths human cases 9 deaths human cases 284 deaths human cases 100 deaths 2005 human cases 16 deaths

SYMPTOMS OF THE VIRUS  Fever  Lack of appetite  Vomiting  Nausea  Abdominal pain  Back pain  Headache  Muscle aches  Sore throat

SYMPTOMS Encephalitis —Inflammation of the brain Meningitis —Inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord Poliomyelitis—Paralysis combined with fever and meningitis

SYMPTOMS About 1/150 people infected with the virus develop neurologic symptoms.

Complication from severe WNV infection include : Permanent brain damage Permanent muscle weakness (sometimes similar to polio) Death

WEST NILE VIRUS HUMAN CASES- TOTAL: 53 MS COUNTIES Clay01 Desoto01 Forrest10 Harrison07 Hinds08 Jackson01 Lamar02 Lee03 Leflore01

Marion 01 Marshall01 Monroe02 Neshoba01 Pearl River02 Pike01 Prentiss01 Quitman01 Rankin07 Washington02

personal protection mosquito control

CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

Nationwide electronic database Faster tests to detect WNV Education tools New test laboratories Vaccines

Elderly Human Vaccines Education Programs

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Surveillance for human West Nile Virus Disease --United States, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 59(SS020;)pp Retrieved July 2, 2010, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Basic. Retrieved July 5, 2010 from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Virus: What you Need to Know, CDC Factsheet. Retrieved July 5, 2010, from Schneidner, M. J. (2006). Introduction to Public Health. (3 rd Edition).Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett.

Further Resources Tsai, T.F., Vaughn D.W., Solomon, T. (2005). Flaviviruses(Yellow fever, Dengue, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Naides, S. J.(2007). Arthropod-borne viruses causing fever and rash syndromes. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. Bleck, T.P. (2006). Arthropod-borne viruses affecting the central nervous system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.