Flooding and Infectious Diseases Yoshio Iijima Ph.D. Director General Kobe Institute of Health

Novak Djokovic Ana Ivanovic Monica Seles

Flooding and Health Risks Infectious Diseases Water-borne Diseases Vector-borne Diseases Wounds Infections Chemical Hazards Injuries Drowning Animal and Insect Bites Electrical Hazards Wounds

Infectious diseases Water-borne diseases, such as typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis, and hepatitis A Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and West Nile fever

Typhoid fever Causative agent: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi The incubation period: 1-2 weeks Symptoms: Poor appetite Headaches Fever as high as 40 ℃ Abdominal pain Diarrhea Lethargy

Typhoid

Typhoid fever Causative agent: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi The incubation period: 1-2 weeks Symptoms: Poor appetite Headaches Fever as high as 40 ℃ Abdominal pain Diarrhea Lethargy

Cholera Causative agent: Vibrio cholerae The incubation period: 1 day, sometimes up to 3 days Symptoms: Watery diarrhea Vomiting Dehydration Low blood pressure

Cholera

Stool specimens of cholera patients

A victim by cholera

Cholera pods

Leptospirosis Causative agent: Genus Leptospira The incubation period: 3 days - 14 days Symptoms: high fever severe headache chills muscle aches vomiting red eyes, etc.

Leptospirosis

Causative agent: Genus Leptospira The incubation period: 3 days - 14 days Symptoms: high fever severe headache chills muscle aches vomiting red eyes, etc.

Infection routes of Leptospira

Hepatitis A Causative agent: Hepatitis A virus The incubation period: 2 weeks - 4 weeks Symptoms: Fatigue Fever Nausea Appetite loss Yellowing of skin Diarrhea

Hepatitis A

What is the most dangerous animal on the earth?

Mosquitos transmits parasitic disease such as malaria and Lymphatic filariasis and viral diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile fever. Mosquito-borne diseases

Malaria

Lymphatic filariasis

Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever Dengue fever

Yellow fever

Chikungunya

Rift Valley fever

West Nile fever

The reservoir of West Nile virus includes wild birds and mosquitos.

Vectors transmitting infectious diseases Mosquitoes Sandflies Tsetse flies Black flies Aquatic snails Ticks Triatomine bugs Fleas