SUPPLEMENT Promoting Active Learning: The “Self-Assembly” of Model Analytical Instruments W. Russ Algar and Ulrich J. Krull Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada

Appendix II Examples of Assembled Instruments

1. Single beam UV-visible spectrophotometer Power supply Tungsten lamp Deuterium lamp Mirror (ellipsoidal) Monochromator (with slits and bend) Cuvette (solution) PMT Electronics (general) Analog meter Suggested marks: Components /4.5 Assembly /2.5

2. Double beam UV-visible spectrophotometer Tungsten-halogen lamp Rotating chopper_sector mirror Mirror (flat) Cuvette (solution) Beam-splitter Monochromator slit Holographic grating Diode array Electronics (general) Suggested marks: Components /5.5 Assembly /2

3. Fluorescence spectrophotometer Arc lamp Lens [x2] PMT [x2] Cuvette (solution) Monochromator (no slits) [x2] Monochromator slit [x4] Beam-splitter Suggested marks: Components /6.5 Assembly /2.5

4. Confocal fluorescence microscope Laser (cylinder) Band-pass filter (short-pass) Band-pass filter (long-pass) Dichroic mirror Lens Pinhole CCD camera Microscope slide and sample Objective lens 150x XYZ translation stage Computer (desktop) Suggested marks: Components /5.5 Assembly /3

5. Raman spectrometer Laser Cuvette (solution) Lens Notch filter Monochromator slit [x3] Holographic grating [x2] Mirror (ellipsoidal) [x2] CCD camera The images of individual optical components have been used to assemble a double monochromator rather than using the images of full monochromators. Suggested marks: Components /6 Assembly /3

6. Raman microscope Laser (cylinder) Beam-splitter Objective lens 100x Microscope slide and sample XYZ translation stage Notch filter Lens Monochromator slit Monochromator (no slits) CCD camera Suggested marks: Components /5 Assembly /3

7. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometer IR source (shielded) Michelson interferometer (with detail) DRIFTS accessory* Photodiode (TO-CAN 3 pins)** Electronics (general) Analog to digital conversion Fast Fourier Transform Computer (laptop) Suggested marks: Components /4 Assembly /2 * The drifts accessory can be substituted by the “ZnSe crystal for ATR- FTIR” image or a conventional sample. **The TO-CAN photodiode is being used as a representation of a pyroelectric detector. The TO-CAN can also be used as a representation of an MCT detector. This requires liquid nitrogen cooling. The “cryostat with window” and “liquid nitrogen dewar” images can be incorporated in the schematic. The “MCT detector” image can also be used.

8. Fourier transform infrared absorption microscope IR source (unshielded) Michelson interferometer (simple with rays) Mirror (flat) XYZ translation stage Microscope slide with sample Objective lens 60x Lens Photodiode (TO-CAN 3 pins) Cryostat with window Liquid nitrogen dewar Fast Fourier transform Computer (desktop) The photodiode (TO-CAN) and cryostat are being used as an MCT detector. Suggested marks: Components /6.5 Assembly /3

9. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer Gas cylinder (argon) Hollow cathode lamp (simple) Graphite furnace Monochromator (no slits) Monochromator slit [x2] PMT Exhaust The hollow cathode lamp can be replaced with an electrodeless discharge lamp, or a turret of hollow cathode lamps. Suggested marks: Components /3.5 Assembly /2

Waste Magnetic Field 10. Zeeman corrected flame atomic absorption spectrometer Electrodeless discharge lamp Polarizing filter (rotating) Nebulizer 3 Beaker (rim, full) Spray chamber and burner (two inlets and one drain) Gas cylinder (acetylene) Gas cylinder (compressed air) Monochromator (no slits) Monochromator slit [x2] PMT Suggested marks: Components /5.5 Assembly /3 * As an alternative to having students draw in the magnetic field, one of the magnet images could be incorporated.

waste NaBH 4 (aq) HCl (aq) Sample 11. Hydride generation atomic emission spectrometer Media bottle (with outlet) [x2] Beaker (rim, full) Peristaltic pump [x3] Coil Gas-liquid separator ICP torch Rowland circle PMT [x4] Gas cylinder (argon) Suggested marks: Components /7.5 Assembly /2.5

12. Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Coolidge tube X-ray filter (zirconium) X-ray collimator (simple) [x2] Crystal (lattice) Goniometer HPGE detector and cryostat Liquid nitrogen dewar (flat) Pulse height analyzer Computer (desktop) Suggested marks: Components /5 Assembly /2.5

13. Gas chromatograph Gas cylinder (helium) Gas cylinder (compressed air) Gas cylinder (hydrogen) Moisture trap [x3] Split-splitless injector GC oven GC column Flame ionization detector To exhaust Suggested marks: Components /9 Assembly /3 Power supply Ground symbol [x2] Resistor symbol Current follower Low pass RC filter Analog to digital conversion Computer (desktop)

14. Gas chromatograph with dual detectors Gas cylinder (helium) Moisture trap Valve (simple) Vaporizer direct injector GC column (simple in oven) Thermal conductivity conductor (cross-section) Electron capture detector Exhaust Suggested marks: Components /3.5 Assembly /2.5

waste 15. HPLC Gas cylinder (helium) Solvent proportioning valve HPLC solvent bottle (with sparge) [x4] HPLC pump Autosampler Valve system HPLC guard column HPLC column HPLC UV-vis detector * The waste outlet on the column or UV-Vis detector can be connected to a second detector or an ESI component to create LC-MS instruments. Suggested marks: Components /6 Assembly /3

16. Laser ablation ICP-MS Gas cylinder (argon) Ablation cell Pulsed laser (with mirror and lens) ICP torch (cross-section) Sampler skimmer (with ion transfer optics) Quadrupole (with vac connect) Electron multiplier Turbomolecular pump (cross-section) Vacuum pump Suggested marks: Components /4.5 Assembly /3

17. Tandem MS with ESI and Q-ToF Gas generator (simple) ESI source (with hexapole) Syringe pump (with syringe) Quadrupole (with vac connect Hexapole (with vac and gas connect) TOF reflectron Oil diffusion pump (cross-section) Vacuum pump (rotary) Suggested marks: Components /4.5 Assembly /3

18. GC-MS Gas cylinder (helium) Moisture trap GC oven (with injector) Jet separator Electron impact source Ion trap (with octupole guide) Electron multiplier Vacuum pump Turbomolecular pump (exterior view) Suggested marks: Components /5 Assembly /3

19. Double-focusing secondary ion mass spectrometer Ion gun Electrostatic lens Magnetic sector 90 deg Electrostatic analyzer 90 deg Electron multiplier Vacuum pump (rotary) Turbomolecular pump (cross-section) Suggested marks: Components /4.5 Assembly /2.5

20. MALDI-TOF Pulsed laser (with lens) Ablation cell Crystal (lattice) TOF with reflectron Channel electron multiplier To Vac Suggested marks: Components /2.5 Assembly /1.5 In this case, the vacuum pump(s) are not included as components and vacuum connections are to be indicated by the student.

21. SEM with Everhart-Thornley detector Rotary pump PMT Crystal (lattice) XYZ translation stage Oil diffusion pump (exterior view) Magnetic lens [x2] Electron gun Suggested marks: Components /4 Assembly /2.5 water out water in

22. Liquid scintillation counter Scintillation vial (with sample) PMT [x2] And operator Multichannel analyzer Computer (desktop) 23. Home-made pH meter Digital meter Salt bridge (with frits) Glass electrode (not combo) Ag AgCl electrode Beaker (rim, full) Suggested marks: Components /3 Assembly /2 Suggested marks: Components /3 Assembly /2

24. Differential pulse voltammetry Waveform (linear ramp) Waveform (pulse train) Addition operator Resistor symbol [x2] Voltage follower Op amp symbol 1 Ground symbol 1 [x2] Suggested marks: Components /8.5 Assembly /3 Metal electrode (wire) Ag AgCl electrode Electrode (carbon) Gas cylinder (helium) Beaker (rim, full) Analog to digital conversion Computer (laptop) Digital to analog conversion