Properties of Acids and Bases Green & Damjii – Chapter 8 – Section 2 Chang - Chapter 15 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Acids and Bases Green & Damjii – Chapter 8 – Section 2 Chang - Chapter 15 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid: CH 3 COOH Citrus fruits contain citric acid: C(CH 2 COOH) 2 (COOH)OH 4.3 Are corrosive. so don’t taste them!

Acids Have a pH < 7, and interact with indicators… Litmus Phenolpthalein Universal Indicator Soln 4.3

Acids React with active* metals to produce hydrogen gas. 4.3 active* metals are those above H+ in the reactivity series – see p Ex1: magnesium + hydrochloric acid Ex 2: magnesium + sulfuric acid

Acids React with active* metals to produce hydrogen gas. 4.3 active* metals are those above H+ in the reactivity series – see p protection.blogspot.com/2009/0 8/fundamental-of-corrosion.html

Acids React with base (metal oxide or metal hydroxide) to produce a salt and water. 4.3 Ex 3: nitric acid + copper(ll) oxide Ex 4: phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide

Acids React with metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas 4.3 Ex 5: hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc carbonate: Ex 6: ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate:

Common Acids (memorize) hydrochloric acidHCl sulfuric acidH 2 SO4 nitric acid HNO 3 ethanoic (or acetic) acidCH 3 COOH waterH 2 O hydrofluoric acidHF phosphoric acidH 3 PO 4

Solutions of bases are called alkalis… bitter taste feel slippery Many soaps contain bases. Bases 4.3 ? Any substance that neutralizes an acid ? metal oxides metal hydroxides metal carbonates ammonia amines

Bases Have a pH > 7, and interact with indicators… Litmus Phenolpthalein Universal Indicator Soln 4.3

Bases React with acids to produce a salt and water 4.3 Ex 7: calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid: Ex 8: calcium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid:

Common Bases (memorize) sodium hydroxideNaOH potassium hydroxideKOH barium hydroxideBa(OH) 2 ammoniaNH 3 waterH 2 O ethyl amineCH 3 CH 2 NH 2 ammonium hydroxideNH 4 OH

Textwork… Read Section P 212 Properties of Acids and Bases Do Ex 8.2 p 212 # 1, 2, 3a-f