Imam Malik مالك بن أنس نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams.

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Imam Malik مالك بن أنس نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams

Imam Malik ( H) Born in Medina Born in Medina His family His family His parents role His parents role His teachers His teachers

His life in Medina His life in Medina Relationship with the rulers Relationship with the rulers His life style: His home, appearance, etc. His life style: His home, appearance, etc. His teaching His teaching Political life Political life His advice to the rulers His advice to the rulers Imam Malik ( H)

His attributes and talents His attributes and talents Strong memory Strong memory Endurance and perseverance Endurance and perseverance Sincerity Sincerity Presence Presence

Imam Malik: Sources of Knowledge His teachers: His teachers: Ibn Hirmez ابن هرمز Ibn Hirmez ابن هرمز Nafe ’ نافع مولى ابن عمر Nafe ’ نافع مولى ابن عمر Al-Zuhri ابن شهاب الزهري Al-Zuhri ابن شهاب الزهري Abu Az-Zinad أبو الزناد Abu Az-Zinad أبو الزناد Yahya bin Sa ’ d يحيى بن سعد Yahya bin Sa ’ d يحيى بن سعد Rabi ’ a ربيعة الرأي Rabi ’ a ربيعة الرأي His connection with scholars His connection with scholars

His Time: His Time: Political Life Political Life Social Life Social Life Religious Life Religious Life Opinion vs. Text Opinion vs. Text Groups and Sects Groups and Sects Imam Malik ( H)

His Opinions: His Opinions: Opinions in Creed Opinions in Creed Opinions in Politics Opinions in Politics Imam Malik ( H)

Al-Muwatta ’ الموطأ Al-Muwatta ’ الموطأ The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today. The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today. Based on a request from Al-Mansoor Based on a request from Al-Mansoor Purpose is to collect Madani Jurisprudence Purpose is to collect Madani Jurisprudence Not intended as a Hadith Collection only. Not intended as a Hadith Collection only. Jurisprudence of Imam Malik

Al-Muwatta ’ الموطأ Al-Muwatta ’ الموطأ The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today. The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today. Based on a request from Al-Mansoor Based on a request from Al-Mansoor Purpose is to collect Madani Jurisprudence Purpose is to collect Madani Jurisprudence Not intended as a Hadith Collection only. Not intended as a Hadith Collection only. Jurisprudence of Imam Malik

Malikمالك Ahmadأحمد Shafe’iالشافعي Abu Hanifah أبو حنيفة Quran القرآن Sunnahالسنة Sunnahالسنة Sahaba قول الصحابي Sahaba Sahaba Agreementالإجماع Agreementالإجماع Agreementالإجماع Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Comparisonالقياس Comparisonالقياس Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة Sahaba قول الصحابي Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان Preserving Status Quo الاستصحاب General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Jurisprudence The First and Essential source. The First and Essential source. Quranالقرآن

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Jurisprudence The Sunnah: The Sunnah: Hadith: Words the Prophet PBUH said. Hadith: Words the Prophet PBUH said. Actions of the Prophet PBUH. Actions of the Prophet PBUH. Action the Prophet PBUH approved or disapproved. Action the Prophet PBUH approved or disapproved. Actions the Prophet PBUH saw or knew about and did not comment on. Actions the Prophet PBUH saw or knew about and did not comment on. Sunnahالسنة

Sources of Jurisprudence: Sunnah Authentication of Sunnah Authentication of Sunnah المتن السند راوي Narrator رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH صحابي Companion تابعي Follower راوي Narrator Text ChainOfNarration

Authentication of Sunnah Repeatedly Connected المتواتر رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator

Authentication of Sunnah Famous المشهور رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator

Authentication of Sunnah Solitary Narration الآحاد رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Authentication of Sunnah Loose-end Chain المرسل رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH راوي Narrator صحابي Companion راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Jurisprudence Definition: Definition: اتفاق المجتهدين من أمة محمد ( ص ) في عصر على حكم شرعي اتفاق المجتهدين من أمة محمد ( ص ) في عصر على حكم شرعي Agreement of the Scholars in a certain time on a ruling.. Agreement of the Scholars in a certain time on a ruling.. Agreementالإجماع If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that becoming to men of Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge! 4:115

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Definition: Definition: مساواة الفرع للأصل في علة حكمه مساواة الفرع للأصل في علة حكمه أركانه : الفرع، والأصل، والعلة، والحكم. أركانه : الفرع، والأصل، والعلة، والحكم. Extrapolating a ruling on a new issue (branch) after a comparison with an original ruling (origin), because of mutual link in the reason behind the original ruling. Extrapolating a ruling on a new issue (branch) after a comparison with an original ruling (origin), because of mutual link in the reason behind the original ruling. Sources of Jurisprudence Comparisonالقياس

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Jurisprudence Definition: Definition: هو ترك القياس الظاهر لدليل اقتضى هذا الترك. هو ترك القياس الظاهر لدليل اقتضى هذا الترك. عن عبد الله بن مسعود ( ما رآه المسلمون حسنا فهو عند الله حسن ) عن عبد الله بن مسعود ( ما رآه المسلمون حسنا فهو عند الله حسن ) Preference: to leave the ruling of Comparison for a better reason. Preference: to leave the ruling of Comparison for a better reason. Used by Imam Malik. Mostly in the context of General Benefit. Used by Imam Malik. Mostly in the context of General Benefit. Example: Cleanliness of water used by meat-eating birds, compared with animals. سؤر سباع الطير Example: Cleanliness of water used by meat-eating birds, compared with animals. سؤر سباع الطير Preferenceالإستحسان

Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sources of Maliki School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreementالإجماع Comparisonالقياس Preferenceالإستحسان CommonPracticeالعرف Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Jurisprudence General Benefit المصالح المرسلة Rulings based on assuring General Benefit to people and avoiding unnecessary hardships. Rulings based on assuring General Benefit to people and avoiding unnecessary hardships. Example: Collection of the Quran by Abu Bakr (ra). Example: Collection of the Quran by Abu Bakr (ra).

Sources of Jurisprudence General Benefit المصالح المرسلة General Benefits: General Benefits: Methodology: Methodology: Greater benefit before smaller ones. Greater benefit before smaller ones. General benefit before private ones. General benefit before private ones. Permanent benefit before temporary ones. Permanent benefit before temporary ones. Certain benefit before controversial or doubtful ones. Certain benefit before controversial or doubtful ones. المصالح : المصالح : تقديم المنفعة الكبرى على الصغرى تقديم المنفعة الكبرى على الصغرى تقديم المنفعة العامة على الخاصة تقديم المنفعة العامة على الخاصة تقديم المنفعة الدائمة على المؤقتة تقديم المنفعة الدائمة على المؤقتة تقديم المنفعة المؤكدة على المشكوك فيها تقديم المنفعة المؤكدة على المشكوك فيها

Characteristics of Maliki Sources: Characteristics of Maliki Sources: Flexibility Flexibility Aiming at achieving General Benefit Aiming at achieving General Benefit Based on solid references in Sunnah Based on solid references in Sunnah Complement each other Complement each other Jurisprudence of Imam Malik

Stedents of Imam Malik Stedents of Imam Malik Abdullah bin Wahab عبد الله بن وهب Abdullah bin Wahab عبد الله بن وهب Abdur-Rahaman bin Al-Qasim عبد الرحمن بن القاسم Abdur-Rahaman bin Al-Qasim عبد الرحمن بن القاسم Ashhab bin Abdul-Aziz أشهب بن عبد العزيز Ashhab bin Abdul-Aziz أشهب بن عبد العزيز Asad bin Al-Furat أسد بن الفرات Asad bin Al-Furat أسد بن الفرات Sahnoon سحنون Sahnoon سحنون Spread of the Maliki School Spread of the Maliki School Jurisprudence of Imam Malik