Business Data Communications, Stallings 1 Chapter 1: Introduction William Stallings Business Data Communications 6 th Edition

Business Data Communications, Stallings 2 Information & Communication Networking is critical to the new corporate structures emerging in today’s businesses Benefits of good networks –make geographically dispersed companies more manageable –help top-heavy companies trim down middle management –help companies break down barriers between divisions. –make automation and quality enforcement easier to implement.

Business Data Communications, Stallings 3 3 Basic Communications Model Source: Generates data to be transmitted Transmitter: Converts data into transmittable signals Transmission System: Carries data Receiver: Converts received signal into data Destination: Takes incoming data

Business Data Communications, Stallings 4 4 Basic Communications Model Example –Communication between a workstation and a server

Business Data Communications, Stallings 5 Trends Driving Data Communication Traffic growth –Voice & data over Internet Protocol (IP); local and long distance Development of new services –Multimedia on demand and TV distribution Advances in technology –Encourage and support increased growth and new developments

Business Data Communications, Stallings 6 Key Technology Trends Faster and cheaper computing platforms, communications hardware, and software Increasingly “intelligent” networks, management and assessment tools Growing importance of Internet, intranet and extranet applications Increasing use of and dependence on mobile and wireless technology

Business Data Communications, Stallings 7 Enterprise Networks Drivers

Business Data Communications, Stallings 8 Enterprise Networks Convergence A Three-Layer Model 1.Applications: Seen by end users –Voice calling, , and instant messaging –Group collaboration and relationship management 2.Enterprise Services: Seen by network Manager –Design, maintenance, and support services –Authentication, capacity management, and QoS 3. Infrastructure: Enterprise available assets –Links, LANs, WANs, and Internet connections –Carry information over data networks

Business Data Communications, Stallings 9 Unified Communication (UC) Convergence Web 2.0: Second generation web capabilities 1.User generated content (blogs, wikis, clips, etc.) 2.Desktop –like user interface friendly capabilities Real-Time Communication (RTC): desktop and mobile software clients functionalities IP Enabling Contact Centers: Enhance customer contact center functionality and performance IP Mobility: Remote access technology and mobile employees support IP Wireless: IP packet extended to support local and wide area wireless communication

Business Data Communications, Stallings 10 Business Information Requirements Personal, Workgroup, and Enterprise Unified Integrated Communications: Voice communications Data communications Image communications Video communications

Business Data Communications, Stallings 11 The Internet and Distributed Applications Internet: a key infrastructure for supporting distributed applications TCP/IP: standard open architecture protocol suite universally used in data networks Distributed Applications: used in intercompany and intra-company information exchange Client-Server & Intranets: easy to implement approach to most business applications

Business Data Communications, Stallings 12 Network Types Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs) –Circuit Switched –Packet Switched –Frame Relay –ATM Wireless Networks Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

Business Data Communications, Stallings 13 Simplified Network Model WAN LAN

Business Data Communications, Stallings 14 Networking Configuration

Business Data Communications, Stallings 15 Transmission of Information Transmission - converts data into transmittable signals Transmission Media - twisted pair, fiber, wireless, and coax Communication Techniques - encoding, interface, protocols Transmission efficiency - multiplexing, compression

Business Data Communications, Stallings 16 Management Issues Network Security –Confidentiality –Integrity –Availability Network Management –Highly distributed peer-to-peer networks –Complexity of managing and maintaining –Reliable operation at all times –Skilled personnel and communication costs

Business Data Communications, Stallings 17 Communications Standards Importance –Choice of vendors and products –Competition leads to lower cost –Enovation through open standards Organizations –Internet Society (ISOC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Committee, the international Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),

Business Data Communications, Stallings 18 Resources Book Web Site – Usenet Newsgroups –IEEE Standards in Education –No Jitter –ZDNet Journals –Business-oriented –Technical