Iron deficiency anemia A few salient facts Micronutrient deficiencies

In developing countries every second pregnant woman and about 40% of preschool children are estimated to be anaemic. In many developing countries, iron deficiency anaemia is aggravated by worm infections, malaria and other infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis. The major health consequences include poor pregnancy outcome, impaired physical and cognitive development, increased risk of morbidity in children and reduced work productivity in adults. Anaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths. A few salient facts

The challenge Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. As well as affecting a large number of children and women in developing countries, it is the only nutrient deficiency which is also significantly prevalent in Industrialized Countries. The numbers are staggering: 2 billion people – over 30% of the world’s population – are anemic, many due to iron deficiency, and in resource-poor areas, this is frequently exacerbated by infectious diseases. Malaria, HIV/AIDS, hookworm infestation, schistosomiasis, and other infections such as tuberculosis are particularly important factors contributing to the high prevalence of anemia in some areas. Iron deficiency affects more people than any other condition, constituting a public health condition of epidemic proportions. More subtle in its manifestations than, for example, protein-energy malnutrition, iron deficiency exacts its heaviest overall toll in terms of ill-health, premature death and lost earnings. Iron deficiency and anaemia reduce the work capacity of individuals and entire populations, bringing serious economic consequences and obstacles to national development. Overall, it is the most vulnerable, the poorest and the least educated who are disproportionately affected by iron deficiency, and it is they who stand to gain the most by its reduction.

Increase iron intake. Dietary diversification including iron-rich foods and enhancement of iron absorption, food fortification and iron supplementation. Control infection. Immunization and control programmes for malaria, hookworm and schistosomiasis. Improve nutritional status. Prevention and control of other nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, folate and vitamin A.

عوامل مؤثر در کم خونی فقر آهن : - دریافت ناکافی آهن از رژیم غذایی روزانه ) Bioavailability - عدم دسترسی به آهن قابل جذب ( - افزایش نیاز به آهن ( دوران بارداری ، دوران رشد ) - خونریزی های مزمن * تست های غربالگری کم خونی : - هموگلوبین و فریتین سرم

- حساس ترین شاخص اندازه گیری ذخیره آهن ، اندازه گیری فریتین سرم می باشد. - - میزان هموگلوبین بعد از تهی شدن ذخائر آهن کاهش می یابد. ارزیابی هموگلوبین تنها کم خونی را نشان می دهد. ارزیابی وضعیت آهن :

برنامه کشوری پیشگیری وکنترل کم خونی - هدف کلی : پیشگیری وکنترل کم خونی فقر آهن - اهداف اختصاصی : * ارتقاء سطح دریافت آهن * کاهش شیوع کم خونی فقر آهن - برنامه های اجرایی : - دادن قرص مکمل آهن برای مادران باردار و قطره مکمل آهن برای شیرخواران - غنی سازی مواد غذایی ( آرد ) با آهن و اسید فولیک