Preliminary Spectrum Relocation Options for Army Systems in the 1755 – 1850 MHz Band presented to the Army 1755 – 1850 MHz Spectrum Relocation Workshop by Dennis Stewart Army CIO/G-6, ASMO 1 February 2011

2 CLASSIFICATION Outline Conditions for Replacement Spectrum Characterizing Comparable Replacement Spectrum Spectrum Relocation Options for Major Categories of Army Systems Summary

3 CLASSIFICATION Conditions* for Surrender of DoD Spectrum 1.NTIA, in consultation with the FCC, has identified and made available to the Department of Defense for its primary use, if necessary, an alternative band or bands of frequencies with comparable technical characteristics as a replacement 2.The Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff have jointly certified to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation of the Senate; and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce of the House of Representatives, that the replacement band or bands of frequencies provides comparable technical characteristics to restore essential military capability that will be lost when the band of frequencies is surrendered. *Source:Title X, Subpart G, Section 1062 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000

4 CLASSIFICATION Present Frequency Allocation of the MHz Band Band (MHz)Federal Allocation*Non-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED MOBILE SPACE OPERATION (E→S) None MHz of Unrestricted FIXED and MOBILE spectrum supports Army operations, training, and testing. NTIA Must Provide Comparable Spectrum to Allow Army and other Federal Agencies to Relocate to Alternate Spectrum Bands Comparable Spectrum Means: –Equivalent Radiocommunications Service Allocation and Status –Similar Amount of Allocated Bandwidth –Suitable Technical and Operational Characteristics Supports Equipment Design and Operational Constraints Feasibility of Coexisting with Systems Currently in the Band No loss of essential military capability *Note:Primary service allocations are shown in all capital letters (i.e., FIXED) Secondary service allocations are shown in initial capital letters (i.e., Fixed)

5 CLASSIFICATION Review of Army Usage in the MHz Band Major Types of Army Systems Radiocommunications Service Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave FIXED Tactical Radio Relay FIXED Land Mobile Systems (UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW, etc.) MOBILE MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems Air Combat Training Systems Precision Guided Munitions MOBILE MOBILE (aeronautical telemetry) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE Unmanned Airborne Systems Unmanned Airborne Vehicles Remotely Piloted Vehicles MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

6 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (1 of 2) *Band (MHz) Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED, MOBILE RADIO ASTRONOMY Non-Interference Basis None FIXED SATELLITE (S→E) RADIO ASTRONOMY FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile This is a preferred band for relocation of MOBILE systems. When possible, FIXED systems should be relocated to the 7/8 GHz band to avoid competition for spectrum with MOBILE systems FIXED , , Fixed , SPACE OPERATIONS (E→S) SPACE RESEARCH (E→S), (S→E) FIXED-SATELLITE (S→E), (E→S) MOBILE-SATELITE (S→E), (E→S) Mobile-Satellite (S→E), (E→S) METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE (S→E) , Mobile except aeronautical mobile EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E) Space Research (E→S), (S→E) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E) This is the preferred band for relocation of FIXED systems. *Proposed Bands Provided by NTIA via to ASD/NII o/a 1 December 2010

7 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (2 of 2) Band (GHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED Mobile Space Research None Although these bands have the required Federal FIXED allocation, the higher propagation path loss and the potential for greater fading losses will impact the reliability of links having long path lengths (e.g., mi). Consequently, this spectrum is less desirable for relocation of FIXED systems FIXED SPACE RESEARCH Mobile Earth Exploration-Satellite Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite FIXED EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE(S→E) INTER-SATELLITE MOBILE RADIONAVIGATION SPACE RESEARCH Standard frequency and time signal-satellite (E→S) FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (E→S) RADIONAVIGATION Inter-Satellite Standard frequency and time signal-satellite (E→S)

8 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Tactical Radio Relay (1 of 2) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks * FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION FIXED-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy This band has the required Federal FIXED allocation to support RR. The Army’s AN/GRC-245 requires a minimum 50 MHz transmit- receive frequency separation which is not supported by this 40-MHz wide band. Spectrum support in a paired band, such as the MHz band would also be needed to address this requirement MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) Band lacks the required FIXED service allocation for RR Fixed (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION (E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (E→S)(S→S) FIXED MOBILE Band lacks the required Federal FIXED service allocation for RR. *ASMO addition to the list of potentially comparable spectrum provided by NTIA

9 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Tactical Radio Relay (2 of 2) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(Goldstone, AZ) FIXED MOBILE SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(Goldstone, AZ) Band lacks the required Federal FIXED service allocation for RR FIXED (line-of-sight only) MOBILE (line –of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) (except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E)(S→S) (S→E) Non-Interference Basis FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile RADIOLOCATION Earth Exploration-Satellite (S→E)(S→S) Space Operation (S→E)(S→S) Space Research (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E) Amateur The MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal FIXED allocation to support tactical radio relay. The MHz sub-band is not allocated for Federal FIXED operations.

10 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Land Mobile* Systems (1 of 3) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE (EPIRBs), Radio Astronomy MOBILE-SATELLITE (EPIRBs) Radio Astronomy Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for Army Land Mobile systems, but the MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1.2 MHz FIXED MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE None Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for Army Land Mobile systems, but the MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1.2 MHz RADIOLOCATION Space Operation (E→S) Space Research (E→S) LAND MOBILE and (within 50 miles of Cleveland and Detroit) and (within 50 miles of Buffalo) Amateur Amateur Satellite (Non-Interference Basis) Space Operation (E→S) Space Research (E→S) Band lacks the required Federal LAND MOBILE service allocation for Army Land Mobile Systems. *UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW

11 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Land Mobile Systems (2 of 3) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION FIXED-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy This band has the required Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army Land Mobile Systems MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) The Federal MOBILE aeronautical telemetry allocation is not suitable for Army Land Mobile systems METEOROLOGICAL AIDS(radiosonde) METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE(S→E) Earth Exploration-Satellite(S→E) METEOROLOGICAL AIDS(radiosonde) METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE(S→E) Earth Exploration-Satellite(S→E) Band lacks a primary LAND MOBILE allocation for support of Army Land Mobile systems.

12 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Land Mobile Systems (3 of 3) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks Fixed (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION (E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (E→S)(S→S) FIXED MOBILE Band lacks a primary LAND MOBILE allocation for unrestricted support of Army Land Mobile systems FIXED (line-of-sight only) MOBILE (line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) (except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E)(S→S) (S→E) Non-Interference Basis FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile RADIOLOCATION Earth Exploration-Satellite (S→E)(S→S) Space Operation (S→E)(S→S) Space Research (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E) Amateur The MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army Land Mobile Systems MOBILE (telemetry) (flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) RADIOLOCATION Fixed MOBILE (telemetry) (flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) AMATEUR The Federal MOBILE telemetry allocation is not suitable for most Army Land Mobile systems. Land Mobile telemetry applications would be secondary to telemetry for Flight Testing.

13 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems* (1 of 2) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED MOBILE RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION FIXED-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE (S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite Radio Astronomy This band has the required Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army A/G Telemetry Systems MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry for flight testing of manned or unmanned aircraft and missiles, or their major components) MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry for flight testing of manned or unmanned aircraft and missiles, or their major components) The Federal MOBILE aeronautical telemetry allocation is not suitable for Army A/G Telemetry systems Fixed (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION (E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (E→S)(S→S) FIXED MOBILE Band lacks a primary AERONAUTICAL MOBILE allocation to support of Army A/G Telemetry systems. *Includes Air Combat Training Systems (ACTS), Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs)

14 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems (2 of 2) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED (line-of-sight only) MOBILE (line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) (except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E)(S→S) (S→E) Earth Exploration-Satellite (S→E)(S→S) Space Operation (S→E)(S→S) Space Research (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E) The MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army A/G Telemetry systems MOBILE (telemetry) (flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) RADIOLOCATION Fixed MOBILE (telemetry) (flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) AMATEUR The Federal MOBILE telemetry allocation is not suitable for most Army A/G Telemetry systems. Army A/G Telemetry applications would be secondary to telemetry for Flight Testing.

15 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (1 of 3) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE (EPIRBs), Radio Astronomy MOBILE-SATELLITE (EPIRBs) Radio Astronomy Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs, but MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1.2 MHz FIXED MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE None Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs, but MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1.2 MHz Fixed (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION (E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (E→S)(S→S) FIXED MOBILE Band lacks the required Federal MOBILE service allocation for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs.

16 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (2 of 3) Band (MHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED (line-of-sight only) MOBILE (line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) (except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E)(S→S) (S→E) Non-Interference Basis FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile RADIOLOCATION Earth Exploration-Satellite (S→E)(S→S) Space Operation (S→E)(S→S) Space Research (S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH (S→E) Amateur The MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support UASs, UAVs, and RPVs. The MHz sub-band is not allocated for Federal AERONAUTICAL MOBILE operations FIXED, MOBILE RADIO ASTRONOMY Non-Interference Basis None FIXED SATELLITE (S→E) RADIO ASTRONOMY FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile The MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support UASs, UAVs, and RPVs. Higher propagation losses may limit the ability of UASs, UAVs, and RPVs that do not employ directive antennas to use this band. The MHz sub-band is not allocated for Federal MOBILE operations.

17 CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (2 of 3) Band (GHz)Federal AllocationNon-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED Mobile Space Research None The Federal Mobile service is secondary in these bands. In these bands, higher propagation path loss and the potential for greater fading loss will impact the ability of system designers to implement mobile systems with the require range and link margin. Consequently, this spectrum is undesirable for relocation of most UASs, UAVs, and RPVs presently operating in the MHz band FIXED SPACE RESEARCH Mobile Earth Exploration-Satellite Space Research Earth Exploration-Satellite

18 CLASSIFICATION Summary of Comparably-Allocated Suitable Spectrum Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave – MHz: 1200 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED – MHz (Alternate): 540 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED Tactical Radio Relay – MHz: 100 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED Land Mobile: UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW – MHz: 40 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE – MHz: 90 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems, Air Combat Training Systems, Precision Guided Munitions – MHz: 40 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE – MHz: 40 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE UASs, UAVs, and RPVs – MHz: 90 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE