Neutrinos in icecap ? 1988: Ed Zeller (Kansas)  Francis John Learned.

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Presentation transcript:

Neutrinos in icecap ? 1988: Ed Zeller (Kansas)  Francis John Learned

1988: Pomerantz workshop, NSF Science and Technology Center for the South Pole (Andrew Westphal, Tim Miller, Doug Lowder, Buford Price) 1989: attempt of Westphal and Lowder to measure ice transparency in existing boreholes Jan. 89, ICRC, Adelaide: Decide to propose Amanda ( Buford Price, Doug Lowder, Steve Barwick, Bob Morse, Francis Halzen, Alan Watson)

Greenland, August th 1990 Bruce Koci Tim Miller + Bob Morse

Nature Sept 91

Bruce Koci (  2006) The success of AMANDA stood on two pillars: the Amundsen Scott Station and Bruce Koci.

South Pole Summer 91/92

Serap Bob

Sweden joins (Stockholm, Uppsala)

Igor Liubarsky Pat Mock

1 km 2 km 93/94 CATASTROPHAL DELAY OF LIGHT ! 40 m

Vostok Data Venice 1994

1 km 2 km 93/94 40 m But the photomultipliers are ticking like Swiss watches !

„Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“ „This is what Amanda sees ! „You are a son of a bitch!“ Sounds interesting!  DESY joins

„Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“ „This is what Amanda sees ! „You are a son of a bitch!“ Sounds interesting!  DESY joins

„Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“ „… and this is what DUMAND sees !“ „You are a son of a bitch!“ Sounds interesting!  DESY joins

„Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“ „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“ „You are a son of a bitch!“ Sounds interesting  DESY joins

„Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“ „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“ „You are a son of a bitch!“ Sounds interesting  DESY joins !

Albrecht Pat Mock

Albrecht fighting with the drill cable Christian Albrecht

Peter Wallenberg

Then Now

B4: first 2 neutrinos 

Astroparticle Physics 2000

+ Mainz + Wuppertal + Brussels + Mons The AMANDA collaboration end of the nineties

1 km 2 km IceCube will work ! 96/97 AMANDA - B m The EVA event

NATURE 2001

No George Smoot! I want to have only good papers on my record !

Skyplot of the very first 17 Nu candidates in B10 B10 skyplot published in Nature 2001

Winterovers 1997 Robert Gary Thanks to Gary for many pictures I have taken from his Pole talk!

Applause to those who kept Amanda running* * Including those at the Northern hemisphere

Marc Robert Ralf Pawel winterovers and DAQ experts in the pool

1 km 2 km 120 m  3 long strings  study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube 97/ Scattering coefficient (1/m) vs. depth

1 km 2 km 120 m  3 long strings  study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube 97/98

Steve

Paolo Pat Mock Dima Azriel

1 km 2 km AMANDA-II 99/ m Nearly horizontal 

Point Sources: The Progress factor 1000 in 15 years !

Another factor 1000 ! see answer next slide !

Nothing is guaranteed but history is on our side !

Challenges

The bubble problem

The ice challenge

Reconstructing tracks

Working together and against Working together and not against each other

Working together and not against each other

Working together and against Working together and not against each other

Working together and against Working together and not against each other

Working together and against Working together and not against each other

The gain drop problem

The stuck string

The downhole camera

Finding the best technology copper cable digital optical fibre analog

copper cable digital optical fibre analog Coax cable Twisted pair cable Optical cable Optical cable, digital control (dAOM) Twisted pair cable, digital (DOM)  string 18

TWR SWAMPs SN counters Majority trigger analog  DMADDl

Spokesman Europe Spokesman US Principal Investigator „Invariants“

… watched by the ultimate “invariant“

… watched by the „ultimate invariant“

Joining two collaborations

October 2005: Amanda and IceCube collaborations join 2006/07: Amanda detector is integrated into IceCube

What was your happiest event with AMANDA ?

String 1 deployed ! (January 9, 1996)

What was your most tantalizing event with AMANDA?

1 ES Year MayJuneJuly Flux of TeV photons (arb. units) WHIPPLE Arrival time of neutrinos from the direction of the AGN ES

Nature is traditionally more imaginative than physicists are !

Hmm … with one exception

Me …

What was your most erotic event with AMANDA ?

The story with table-dancing Amanda

What could have been your most erotic event with AMANDA?

The story with Amanda in my dreams

What will be your most sentimental event with AMANDA ?

The day we switch it off !