1 Java DataBase Connectivity JDBC java.sql.*

2 Java DataBase Connectivity Draft release of JDBC spec (3/96) Java API for executing SQL statements (Since JDK 1.1) Primary focus is to link with RDBMS and OORDBMS systems JDBC certification requires compliance with ANSI SQL-2 spec. Initial support for access to ODBC through JDBC-ODBC bridge

3 What does JDBC do? Establish a connection with a database Send SQL statements to the database Process the results.

4 Client Server Models

5 JDBC Architecture Implemented in 2 specific layers Driver layer –Product / Vendor specific driver implementations that convert JDBC syntax. Business Layer –JDBC DriverManager and associated classes that connect Java Applications to appropriate drivers.

6 JavaSoft Framework

7 JDBC Drivers JDBC-ODBC Bridge –A “quick startup” was needed, and there were many ODBC compatible DBMSs in use. Native-API Driver –Relies on client access to database-access API. Only partially implemented in Java, and uses API binary code. JDBC-Net Driver –Uses JDK network protocols to connect to server, which then translated request into DBMS. Native Protocol - All Java Drivers –Uses DBMS network protocol to connect to database.

8 JDBC Interfaces (java.sql.*) java.sql.Driver –acceptsURL, connect, getPropertyInfo java.sql.Connection –createStatement, commit, prepareStatement, rollback java.sql.Statement –execute, executeUpdate, getResultSet, getMoreResults java.sql.PreparedStatement –SetDate, setFloat, executeQuery, executeUpdate

9 JDBC Interfaces (java.sql.*) java.sql.CallableStatement –getByte, getTime, registerOutParameter java.sql.ResultSet –getBytes, getMetaData, next java.sql.ResultSetMetaData –getColumnName, getPrecision, isReadOnly java.sql.DatabaseMetaData –allTablesAreSelectable, getColumns, getDatabaseProductName, supportsMultipleTransactions

10 Company table from zoo.mdb

11 SQL Queries SELECT * FROM zoo.company; –Will select all fields for all records from the “company” table in “zoo” database SELECT * FROM company WHERE state_cd = OR; –Will select all fields for records that have a state code of “OR” SELECT company_name, state_cd, postal_cd FROM company where postal_cd > 60000; –Will select 3 fields for all records that have a zip code larger than 60000

12 SQL Queries SELECT company_name, phone_nbr FROM company where company_name LIKE ‘%Artist%’; –Will select 2 fields for all company names that contain the string “Artist” preceded or followed by 0 or more char. String sql1 = “SELECT company_name, phone_nbr FROM company where company_name LIKE ‘%” + inputVar + “ %’ ”; –Above query changed to allow dynamic definition of comparator. INSERT INTO state_codes (state_cd, state_desc) VALUES ('MO', 'Missouri'); –Will insert into the state_codes table a new record, with two fields - state_cd, and state_desc, with values “MO”, and “Missouri”

13 JDBC Statement Types Statement (createStatement method) –Used for simple SQL statements Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(newurl); Statement stmt = con.createStatement( ); String stmt = “Select * from retail_item where retail_item_nbr = “ + somejavavariable; ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(stmt);

14 JDBC Statement Types PreparedStatement (prepareStatement method) –Used for SQL statements that require 1 or more input arguments. –Precompiled and stored for future use. PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?"); pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, ); pstmt.setInt(2, );

15 JDBC Statement Types CallableStatement (prepareCall method) –Extension of PreparedStatement that can also execute SQL stored procedures and process results.

16 JDBC Connection process Get Connection implementation from DriverManager Get Statement from connection Execute Statement Process ResultSet returned from query (For other statements check return value for number of rows affected) Repeat for as many Statements as needed. Commit changes (if necessary) Close statement

17 Company table from zoo.mdb

18 JDBC Application import java.lang.*; import java.util.*; import java.sql.*; import sun.jdbc.odbc.*; import java.io.*; public class sample1b { public static void main(String arg[]) { int id, zip, nextRecord; float amount; java.sql.Date dt; String status, name; String result;

19 JDBC Application try { //connect to ODBC database Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); String url = "jdbc:odbc:Zoo"; // connect Properties p = new Properties(); p.put("user", "student"); p.put("password","sql"); Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"student","sql"); // create Statement object Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); String sqlselect = "Select company_id, company_name, postal_cd" + " from company"; // run query ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sqlselect);

20 JDBC Application // process results while(rs.next()) { result = ""; id = rs.getInt(1); zip = rs.getInt(3); name = rs.getString(2); result = result.valueOf(id) + " "; result += result.valueOf(zip) + " "; result += name; System.out.println("Values are: " + result); } System.out.println("\n\n"); //create next (insert)query String sqlSelect2 = "INSERT INTO company (company_id,company_name,address_1,city,state_cd,country_cd, postal_cd,phone_nbr) "+ "VALUES (9,'Bobs ISP', '345 Main St','Grants Pass', 'OR', 'USA',97526, '(541) ')";

21 JDBC Application int ct = stmt.executeUpdate(sqlSelect2); System.out.println("Insert row: " + sqlSelect2.valueOf(ct)); sqlselect = "Select company_id, company_name, postal_cd" + " from company"; // run query rs = stmt.executeQuery(sqlselect); // process results while(rs.next()) { result = ""; id = rs.getInt(1); zip = rs.getInt(3); name = rs.getString(2); result = result.valueOf(id) + " "; result += result.valueOf(zip) + " "; result += name; System.out.println("Values are: " + result); }

22 JDBC Application //create last (delete) query System.out.println("\n\n"); sqlSelect2 = "DELETE FROM company WHERE company_name = 'Bobs ISP' "; ct = stmt.executeUpdate(sqlSelect2); System.out.println("Deleted row: " + sqlSelect2.valueOf(ct)); sqlselect = "Select company_id, company_name, postal_cd" + " from company"; // run query rs = stmt.executeQuery(sqlselect); // process results while(rs.next()) { result = ""; id = rs.getInt(1); zip = rs.getInt(3); name = rs.getString(2); result = result.valueOf(id) + " "; result += result.valueOf(zip) + " "; result += name; System.out.println("Values are: " + result); }

23 JDBC Application //save your actions con.commit(); //close connection con.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); }

24 Sample JDBC Results D:\data\cs423_fs00\java\jdbc examples>java sample1b Values are: Some Shirt Company Values are: Good Candy Company Values are: Penns Pens Values are: Close To You Magnets Values are: Cute Critters Values are: Seattle Signs Values are: The Artist Group Values are: Yummys Values are: Bobs PCs Insert row: 1 Values are: Some Shirt Company Values are: Good Candy Company Values are: Penns Pens Values are: Close To You Magnets Values are: Cute Critters Values are: Seattle Signs Values are: The Artist Group Values are: Yummys Values are: Bobs PCs Values are: Bobs ISP

25 Sample JDBC Results Deleted row: 1 Values are: Some Shirt Company Values are: Good Candy Company Values are: Penns Pens Values are: Close To You Magnets Values are: Cute Critters Values are: Seattle Signs Values are: The Artist Group Values are: Yummys Values are: Bobs PCs D:\data\cs423_fs00\java\jdbc examples>

26 Setting up ODBC in Windows (NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7(?) ) 1.Verify that ODBC Data Sources (ODBC) is loaded in Control Panel / Administrative tools

27 Setting up ODBC in Windows 2.Open Data Source Administrator and add source

28 Setting up ODBC in Windows 3.After selecting database type, add Source name, and select specific database image.

29 Setting up ODBC in Windows 4.Add login Name and password

30 Transaction Support Consists of one or more statements that have been executed, completed, and then either committed or rolled back Default mode for statements is auto-commit –Each statement becomes a “transaction” Can be disabled to support controlled commit or rollback (for multiple statement transactions). –con.setAutoCommit(false); –con.commit(); –con.setSavepoint(); –con.rollback(); Transaction support defined in DatabaseMetaData

31 Summary JDBC Allows Java programmers to build customized interfaces to standard database management systems through a number of approaches. JDBC uses a standardized instruction syntax (SQL) to send queries to databases The JDBC-ODBC bridge allows Java to use an existing database connectivity method to gain easy access to existing databases.