Hagia Sophia Mayra G. Garcia EME History/Architectural Presentation Grades 9-12

Hagia Sophia The Mother Church Hagia Sophia, or Holy Wisdom is the mother church of all Eastern Christians. It was first erected during the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and was consecrated in the year 360 A.D. Although the church has undergone major renovations since then, it is still considered to be one of the greatest architectural monuments of all times. Starting off as a Christian Temple, it was then transformed into an Islamic mosque, and finally today it stands as a secular museum.

Within the City of Istanbul The Hagia Sophia currently resides in Istanbul, Turkey. The point of entry for the majority of the tourists coming into Turkey is Istanbul. The temple lies along a seaport. Many other Early Christian churches surround it although none which surpasses it either in size or splendor.

From Christian Temple to Islamic Mosque Emperor or Sultan in charge of Construction Year of Construction Year of Construction Desired Architectural Design Emperor Constantius basilica-type structure with a rectangular floor plan, circular apse and timbered roof Emperor Justinian ivory and gold icons and ornaments from ancient temples in Ephesus Emperor Andronieus 1317 walls were reinforced on the exterior by pyramid-shaped buttresses Sultan Mehmed II 1453 built an altar (mihrap) in the east Sultan Murad III Pulpit (minber) and preacher’s pew were built. Sultan Abdulmecit 1850 Added the present day Imperial Pew

Quick Tour Take a quick tour and learn more about the inauguration during the reign of Emperor Justinian ( A.D.) Take a quick tour and learn more about the inauguration during the reign of Emperor Justinian ( A.D.)

Famous Architects of Hagia Sophia Architect Ruffinos was hired during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II, and the completion took place in the year 415 A.D. Architect Ruffinos was hired during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II, and the completion took place in the year 415 A.D. Anthemius of Trailles and Isidorus of Miletus, were architects hired during one of the most extensive restoration of the temple. They were hired by the Emperor Justinian and were asked to construct “ a church which was to surpass in magnificence all earlier churches.” Anthemius of Trailles and Isidorus of Miletus, were architects hired during one of the most extensive restoration of the temple. They were hired by the Emperor Justinian and were asked to construct “ a church which was to surpass in magnificence all earlier churches.” Anthemius of Trailles Isidorus of Miletus Anthemius of Trailles Isidorus of Miletus The architect Tridat once again restored Hagia Sophia during a six year period starting in 988, and ending in 994. The temple had gone massive damage caused by an earthquake. The architect Tridat once again restored Hagia Sophia during a six year period starting in 988, and ending in 994. The temple had gone massive damage caused by an earthquake. The Turkish architect Sinan, built the two minarets in front of the church during the reign of Sultan Murad III ( ). The Turkish architect Sinan, built the two minarets in front of the church during the reign of Sultan Murad III ( ).Sinan

The Manifestation During the construction of the inner sanctuary there was a disagreement between the Emperor Justinian and his builders as to whether its apse should have one window or two. It was then reportedly settled when an angel of the Lord appeared, dressed as the Emperor Justinian with royal robes, and shoes, and spoke to the craftsman. He spoke to them saying “I will that there be a triple light, and that the conch be made with three windows in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.” The emperor, when made aware of this apparition, fully knowing that he had not in fact left his palace, informed his builders, “As I have bidden thee, so do”. During the construction of the inner sanctuary there was a disagreement between the Emperor Justinian and his builders as to whether its apse should have one window or two. It was then reportedly settled when an angel of the Lord appeared, dressed as the Emperor Justinian with royal robes, and shoes, and spoke to the craftsman. He spoke to them saying “I will that there be a triple light, and that the conch be made with three windows in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.” The emperor, when made aware of this apparition, fully knowing that he had not in fact left his palace, informed his builders, “As I have bidden thee, so do”.

Works Cited “ Forum of Augustus” Fori Imperiali “ Forum of Augustus” Fori Imperiali “Hagia Sophia.” Focus MultiMedia 1997/98. “Hagia Sophia.” Focus MultiMedia 1997/ Halsall, Paul. “Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Aedificiis.” Halsall, Paul. “Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Aedificiis.” Huxley, G.L. Anthemius of Tralles. Massachusetts: Eaton P, 1959 Kinross, Lord. Hagia Sophia. New York: Arthur Dembner, 1972 Huxley, G.L. Anthemius of Tralles. Massachusetts: Eaton P, 1959 Kinross, Lord. Hagia Sophia. New York: Arthur Dembner, 1972 “Lead’ Word iQ “ “Lead’ Word iQ “ Mathematic and Architecture” Wikipedia Mathematic and Architecture” Wikipedia Teteriatnikov, Natalia. Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Wahshington, D.C.: Harvard UP, 1998 Teteriatnikov, Natalia. Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Wahshington, D.C.: Harvard UP, 1998