 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Original Land surface Wave-cut platform stump stack Natural Arch Old cliff line

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Joints and beds allow waves to attack the cliff more easily Waves can use rocks to erode the cliff Wave cut platform Wave cut notch Cliff line HIGH TIDE LEVEL

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Groynes Sediment accumulation due to Longshore Drift Waves approach beach at oblique angle

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Wave-cut platformWave built terrace large angular rocksrocks and pebbles soft sand Ouch!

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools The force of the waves pushes air into cracks in the rock The compressed air exerts enormous pressure at the tip of the crack. As the water falls back the air pressure is released and rock is pulled out from the crack further enlarging the hole.

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Constructive Waves Spilling Breaker Powerful Swash Weak Backwash

 Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through and only for non commercial use in schools Constructive Waves Crashing breaker Weak swash Powerful Backwash