Cosmology & The Big Bang Theory Dr Alex Calverley.

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Presentation transcript:

Cosmology & The Big Bang Theory Dr Alex Calverley

Cartesian coordinates Polar coordinates

Special relativityGeneral relativity

In In Using the GR metric from the last slide Friedmann solved the equation in 1922 to get...

k > 0 k < 0 k = 0

Demonstrating the relationship between comoving (i.e. coordinate) distances and physical distances a = 1 today (a 0 ), and a(t) < 1 at earlier times

In

However, in If D(t) is the proper distance between two objects at time t and D 0 is the proper distance now, then: and Then combining these So Lemaître had predicted

EVIDENCE FOR THE BIG BANG THEORY (1) An expanding universe where the recessional speed is proportional to the distance away

In George Gamow predicts the ratio of light elements due to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman predict the glow from the Big Bang will still be visible in the microwave spectrum with a temperature of about 5 K

Colours represent fluctuations of size ΔT/T ~ 10 -5

EVIDENCE FOR THE BIG BANG THEORY (2) A near perfect blackbody spectrum at T ≈ 2.7 K, suggesting the Universe was once much hotter and denser

EVIDENCE FOR THE BIG BANG THEORY (3) BB Nucleosynthesis can explain the observed ratios of light elements in pristine primordial gas

In The Universe’s expansion is accelerating! Need an extra component to the Friedmann equations called Dark Energy – which acts just like Einstein’s Λ term!

Colours represent fluctuations of size ΔT/T ~ 10 -5

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