SCOPE Biofuels: Rapid Assessment Process Workshop 22 – 25 September, Gummersbach/Germany Bioenergy: risks and opportunities Martina Otto Head Policy Unit, Energy Branch United Nations Environment Programme

Drivers Challenges Energy SecurityDevelopmentClimate ChangeBiodiversityFood ‘change land use as little as possible’ water ‘involve communities as much as possible’ ‘produce as much as possible’ crop and pathway choices integrated assessment to achieve a balance

Biodiversity Climate change Conversion of high carbon storage value lands Destruction of under ground carbon storage GHG reductions (crop choices / pathways / utilisation of bi- products) Conversion of high conservation value areas Large scale / monocultures Invasive species Biotech Intensive ag. Food Investment into conservation Conservation ag Increased local food production (intercropping, crop rotation, improvement of land/reclaiming waste land, ag practices) Increased income / access to markets Conversion of land used for food production Availability and prices, particularly of stable food Water Overuse of water resources, impacting ecosystems and competing with other uses Contamination Better penetration of water Improved access to water Expropriation Exploitation Increased incomes Access to energy and other services Development Risks Opportunities

Biofuels are not good or bad per se … … all depends on planning and implementation both on the macro and project levels, and involves trade offs land use choices crop and pathway choices ag practices business models incl. scale of operations …

Tools for decision-makers, both in governments and in industry to ensure maximising benefits and minimizing risks resource efficiency (energy needs for cooking, lighting, heating, for transport, for productive use; biomass use for food, feed, fibre, fuel; efficiency improvements) direct and indirect LUC and their impacts on CC, biodiversity and food security (assessments and projections; project level impacts – burden of proof with the project developer; macro level impacts – mapping / planning) LCA for different crops and pathways (common impact indicators) technologies (impact assessments incl 2 nd generation; efficiency/cost; N-S, S-N, S-S cooperation and technology transfer) cost (externalities; co-benefits)

Political context Biofuel targets (in some cases already linked to sustainability safeguards) Strong calls for ground rules : G8 – GBEP; CBD; UNFCCC; UN SG Task Team on the Global Food Crisis – CFA ; UN Energy Risk management / Assessments IRGC UNEP Due Diligence Guidelines for the finance sector SCOPE RAP GEF targeted research project (UNEP, FAO, UNIDO); STAP UNEP Resource Panel FAO – BFS and BIAS IEA Tasks Compete Standard setting processes RSB commodity-based initiatives national initiatives ISO