WARM UP GRAB A BOOK & Turn to page 998 Read “Nelson Mandela: Glory and Hope” Complete the 3 “Analyzing Primary Resources” Questions at the bottom TURN IN WHEN FINISHED

The History of South Africa Chapter 29 sec 2 Chapter 36 sec 4 EQ: Why did South Africa become one of the few European colonies in Africa? How did the development of apartheid impact Africans?

South Africa: The Beginning As previously mentioned, the Dutch started a colony in South Africa in 1652 When they stepped off the boat at Cape Town, they found open temperate farm land protected by high cliffs

South Africa: The Beginning When they stepped off the boat…THERE WAS NO ONE THERE… So, they claimed themselves to the “White Tribe” of Africa and started calling themselves Afrikaaners Yes, they eventually ran into scattered native populations Like our “Native Americans”, they befriended them, even married them and had children with them > a “colored” social class emerges (more later) The Cape Colony exists independent and peaceful for almost 200 years

Trouble! Along come the British (early 1800s)…with dreams of expanding their empire in Africa from “Cairo to the Cape”…and the Dutch stood in their way The British establish port colonies in South Africa A race to claim territory (British vs. Dutch = Great Trek) in South Africa’s interior begins with British settlement > Dutch establish new colonies in the northeast As a part of this settlement race, the British import their “slave” labor from India and China

The Natives Fight Back Awaiting the British and Dutch in the north eastern interior of South Africa are vast amounts of tribal Africans (Khoi Khois, Sans, Swazis and Zulus) Added in the mix is the eventual discovery of VAST mineral resources (diamonds and gold) in the north central Veld of South Africa Britain hatches a plan to dominate Southern Africa –1) They align with the Dutch to fight and conquer these “barbaric” peoples [First Boer War (aka Zulu Wars) 1880s]. Both groups win. –2) Then, the British, after aligning with some native groups in Lesotho and Swaziland, attack the Dutch in order to conquer them (Second Boer War, ). The British win!

The British Deception The British lie…they convinced the natives that the Dutch would enslave them (not true given that the Dutch had already intermarried with them) The British rule South Africa under military control…until 1910…when they loosen the military control and grant the area “autonomy” to rule but still pay homage to the crown This is the root of the apartheid system…Anger that the natives attacked the Afrikaaners with the British

Apartheid Explained The Afrikaaners/Boers move to geographically segregate all blacks as punishment for their alliance w/the British They identify portions (undesirable land) of their territory to forced all blacks to live on…called “homelands” Then, they created a legal (by law) social hierarchy

Apartheid’s Social Rankings Racial Classification –1) White (Afrikaaners, Europeans, etc) = 14% –2) Asians (imported labor) = 4% –3) Cape colored = 10% –4) African Blacks = 72% Of course there was resistance to all of this…

For the remainder of time… Chapter 36 section 4 worksheet/quiz…DUE TOMORROW Tomorrow: Biography – Nelson Mandela –This video will also highlight the reactions by Black South Africans to Apartheid