I. The European Balance of Power, 1870-1914 II. The New Imperialism III. The European Search for Territory and Markets IV. Results of a European-Dominated World Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Dropping the Pilot. Caricature by Sir John Tenniel

Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Ger, A-H, Rus. Dual Alliance (1879)  Ger. & A-H Triple Alliance (1882) Ger, A-H, It. Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  restore relations between Ger. & Rus. Franco-Russian Alliance (1894) British-Japanese Alliance (1902) The Entente Cordiale (1904)  Br. & Fr.

Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 First Moroccan Crisis (1905) Russo-Japanese War (1905) The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)  Persia Triple Entente (1907)  Br, Fr, Rus The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 Second Moroccan Crisis (1911) The First Balkan War (1912) The Second Balkan War (1913)

What you Need to Know In the wake of German Unification (1871) Bismarck says Germany satisfied and France is the power that needs to be isolated. He makes alliances with Austria, Italy and Russia. Bismarck fired (1890) and Kaiser Wm II upsets the balance. France and Russia (isolated) get together. Kaiser Wm announces he needs a navy (Britain upset) By 1907: Major powers aligned in 2 Camps Public opinion plays a key role (tabloid press-yellow journalism) Professional diplomats hands are forced. 1914, Br. Foreign Secretary, Lord Gray says: The lights are going out all over Europe. They will not be lit again in our lifetime.

A Punch cartoon shows European leaders trying to keep the lid on the simmering kettle of Balkan crises. Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

The Balkan Wars: 1912-1913

The Balkans in 1914

I. The European Balance of Power, 1870-1914 Upsetting the European Balance of Power Big Five Britain France Germany Austria-Hungary Russia The Three Emperors’ League, 1873 Germany Austria-Hungary Russia The Ottoman Empire “Sick man of Europe” Britain: Cyprus, Sudan, Egypt Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

I. The European Balance of Power, 1870-1914 B. The Instability of the Alliance System Franco-German Tensions Russian Aspirations Pan-Slavic Revolts Congress of Berlin, 1878 1879, Dual Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary 1882, Triple Alliance: Italy 1885 Bulgaria v. Serbia > Reinsurance Treaty 1907, Triple Entente Balkan Crises 1908-1909 1912-1913 European Alliances, 1914 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

II. The New Imperialism A. The Technology of Empire Breech-loading rifles Repeating rifles Machine guns Iron steamships The Suez Canal, 1869 Panama Canal, 1914 Medical Advances quinine B. Motives for Empire Economics Geopolitics Nationalism Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

III. The European Search for Territory and Markets A. The Scramble for Africa, 1875-1912 The Drive for Markets and Profits Belgium, Leopold II Congo Basin Berlin Conference of 1884 Ethiopia Menelik II Adowa, 1896 B. Gold, Empire Building, & the Boer War Afrikaner Rule 1837, Great Trek > Orange Free State, Transvaal Namibia Boer War (1899-1902) 1886, gold discovered in Transvaal Cecil Rhodes Jameson Raid Alfred Milner Africa, 1914 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Africa, 1914 Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

III. The European Search for Territory and Markets A. The Scramble for Africa, 1875-1912 The Drive for Markets and Profits Belgium, Leopold II Congo Basin Berlin Conference of 1884 Ethiopia Menelik II Adowa, 1896 B. Gold, Empire Building, and the Boer War Afrikaner Rule 1837, Great Trek > Orange Free State, Transvaal Namibia Boer War (1899-1902) 1886, gold discovered in Transvaal Cecil Rhodes Jameson Raid Alfred Milner Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

In 1911 Britain was suspicious of Russia's intentions with Persia (Iran). The Afghan Emir Sher Ali with his "friends" the Russian Bear and British Lion (1878) Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Compare and Contrast the two views. In the wake of the Spanish American War, Rudyard Kipling in White Man’s Burden offers Americans a cautionary tale. This caricature suggests a very different, American view of Imperialism. Compare and Contrast the two views. Uncle Sam balances his new possessions, which are depicted as savage children. The 1899 figures are identified as Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Cuba Philippines and "Ladrones". (Mariana Islands) Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

III. The European Search for Territory and Markets C. Imperialism in Asia India China Opium War, 1839-42 Boxer Rebellion Southeast Asia Britain: Hong Kong, Burma, Kowloon France: Indochina, Cambodia, Laos United States: Philippines Japan Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895 Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 Korea, annexed by Japan, 1910 D. The Imperialism of the United States Panama Canal Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

IV. Results of A European-Dominated World A. A World Economy Colonies: raw materials, markets Investment Abroad B. Race and Culture Herbert Spencer’s “social Darwinism” C. Women and Imperialism Francis Galton D. Ecology and Imperialism E. Critiquing Capitalism J.A. Hobson Marxist–Leninists Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman