The CIRCULATORY System Unit 3 Transportation Systems

Medical Terminology Hemo- bloodHemo- blood rrhea- flow or dischargerrhea- flow or discharge Arterio- arteryArterio- artery Thrombo– clotThrombo– clot Brady– slowBrady– slow -rrhagia – excessive flow or discharge-rrhagia – excessive flow or discharge Cardio- heartCardio- heart RBC – red blood cellRBC – red blood cell WBC – white blood cellWBC – white blood cell Angio- vesselAngio- vessel -emia - blood condition-emia - blood condition Tachy- fastTachy- fast BP – blood pressureBP – blood pressure P- pulseP- pulse CBC – complete blood countCBC – complete blood count CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitationCPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation EKG/ECG - electrocardiogramEKG/ECG - electrocardiogram

vocabulary An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm, such as beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action. An abnormal sound, usually emanating from the heart, that sometimes indicates a diseased condition. Irregular, rapid beating or pulsation of the heart. An enlarged tortuous blood vessel that occurs chiefly in the superficial veins and their tributaries in the lower extremities. Also known as varicosity. arrhythmia: An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm, such as beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly circulation: Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action. murmur: An abnormal sound, usually emanating from the heart, that sometimes indicates a diseased condition. palpitation: Irregular, rapid beating or pulsation of the heart. varicose veins: :An enlarged tortuous blood vessel that occurs chiefly in the superficial veins and their tributaries in the lower extremities. Also known as varicosity.

Functions of the Circulatory System Transports nutrients and waste.Transports nutrients and waste. –Arteries pick up nutrients and deliver the nutrients to each body cell. –Veins carry away waste products and excess fluid of each body cell.

Functions of the Circulatory System Transports heat.Transports heat. –Regulates heat by distributing heat generated by muscles. Transports oxygen to body cells and carbon dioxide away from body cells.Transports oxygen to body cells and carbon dioxide away from body cells. –Arteries carry oxygen to cells. –Veins take carbon dioxide away from cells.

Functions of the Circulatory System Transports hormones through the blood stream.Transports hormones through the blood stream. Transports antibodies.Transports antibodies. –help the body fight infection.

Structures of the Circulatory System

Heart 1. Hollow organ 2. Pumps blood throughout the body 3. Three layers: a. pericardium b. myocardium c. endocardium 4. Four chambers Top = Atria/um Bottom = Ventricles 5. Four valves (valves prevent backflow!) 6. Arteries = AWAY from heart 7. Veins = BACK to heart

The 4 Chambers of the Heart Right Atrium Receives unoxygenated blood from veins; pumps to right ventricle. Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood from lungs; pumps to left ventricle. Right Ventricle Receives blood from right atrium and Pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) Left Ventricle Pumps blood through the aorta to the body (Systemic Circulation)

Valves of the Heart Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve)Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve) between the Atrium and the ventricle, also known as the tricuspid and mitral valves. Semi-Lunar ValveSemi-Lunar Valve between ventricle and artery leaving the heart, also known as the pulmonary and aortic valves.

Blood flow through the Heart Superior & Inferior Vena CavaSuperior & Inferior Vena Cava Right AtriumRight Atrium Tricuspid ValveTricuspid Valve Right VentricleRight Ventricle Pulmonary Semilunar ValvePulmonary Semilunar Valve Pulmonary ArteriesPulmonary Arteries LungsLungs Pulmonary VeinsPulmonary Veins Left AtriumLeft Atrium Bicuspid (Mitral) ValveBicuspid (Mitral) Valve Left VentricleLeft Ventricle Aortic Semilunar ValveAortic Semilunar Valve AortaAorta

Blood Vessels Closed system for flow of bloodClosed system for flow of blood Types of Blood Vessels:Types of Blood Vessels: –A. Arteries (smooth muscle), b. Arterioles, c. Capillaries (smallest), d. Venules, and e. Veins (valves)

Blood 1. Provides vital transportation for the body 2. Four components –Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Bind to hemoglobin –White blood cells (leukocytes) Immune system –Platelets (thrombocytes) Clotting elements –Plasma (liquid)

Blood Provides vital transportation for the bodyProvides vital transportation for the body Four componentsFour components –Red blood cells (erythrocytes) –White blood cells (leukocytes) –Platelets (thrombocytes) –Plasma

Types of Blood Cells

Diseases and Disorders Circulatory System

Anemia Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreasedBlood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased Usually red blood cell count is diminishedUsually red blood cell count is diminished Causes:Causes: –Internal bleeding, mineral deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase in RBC destruction by spleen Symptoms:Symptoms: –Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing

Heart Attack (myocardial infarction) Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blockedCoronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked Symptoms:Symptoms: –Chest pain –Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm –Nausea –Vomiting –Difficulty breathing –Anxiety or fear

What is a Heart Attack?

High Blood Pressure (hypertension) Can contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aortaCan contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aorta Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertensionSustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertension Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild headacheUsually there are no symptoms other than a mild headache

Atherosclerosis Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteriesBuild-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries Restricts the flow of bloodRestricts the flow of blood Fats and other particles combine to form plaqueFats and other particles combine to form plaque Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to hardenCalcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to harden

Careers Emergency Medical TechnicianEmergency Medical Technician Surgical TechnicianSurgical Technician CardiologistCardiologist PhlebotomistPhlebotomist Electrocardiogram (ECG) TechnicianElectrocardiogram (ECG) Technician

Emergency Medical Technician The EMT-Intermediate (EMT-2 and EMT-3) has more advanced training that allows the administration of intravenous fluids, the use of manual defibrillators to give lifesaving shocks to a stopped heart, and the application of advanced airway techniques and equipment to assist patients experiencing respiratory emergencies. Training ranges from 6-12 monthsTraining ranges from 6-12 months Salary ranges from less than Salary ranges from less than 30,000/yr30,000/yr

Surgical Technician Before surgery - help prepare the operating room by setting up surgical instruments and equipment, sterile drapes, and sterile solutions. During surgery - technologists pass instruments and other sterile supplies to surgeons and surgeon assistantsBefore surgery - help prepare the operating room by setting up surgical instruments and equipment, sterile drapes, and sterile solutions. During surgery - technologists pass instruments and other sterile supplies to surgeons and surgeon assistants Training ranges from 6-12 monthsTraining ranges from 6-12 months Salary ranges fromSalary ranges from $40,000/ year$40,000/ year

Cardiologist Cardiology is the study of cardiovascular illness, the care of all things related to the heart. It is a specialization amongst physicians. Cardiology also includes arteries and it used to diagnose and treat conditions like blockages. Cardiologists should not be confused with cardiac surgeons.Cardiology is the study of cardiovascular illness, the care of all things related to the heart. It is a specialization amongst physicians. Cardiology also includes arteries and it used to diagnose and treat conditions like blockages. Cardiologists should not be confused with cardiac surgeons. Training is usually yearsTraining is usually years Salary is more than $100,000/ yearSalary is more than $100,000/ year

Phlebotomist A phlebotomist is someone who is trained to collect blood sample in a clinical environment. They usually work under the supervision of the Medical Laboratory Scientist. After the phlebotomist collects the blood, they process and analyze the specimen with sophisticated laboratory equipment.A phlebotomist is someone who is trained to collect blood sample in a clinical environment. They usually work under the supervision of the Medical Laboratory Scientist. After the phlebotomist collects the blood, they process and analyze the specimen with sophisticated laboratory equipment. Training is about 6 monthsTraining is about 6 months Salary is usually less than $30,000/yrSalary is usually less than $30,000/yr

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician Perform a noninvasive procedure using ultrasound instrumentation to record vascular information such as vascular blood flow, blood pressure, changes in limb volume, oxygen saturation, cerebral circulation, peripheral circulation, and abdominal circulation. Many of these tests are performed during or immediately after surgery. Training is about 2 yearsTraining is about 2 years Salary ranges from $40,000/YrSalary ranges from $40,000/Yr