What parts make up the circulatory system? Heart Vessels Veins Arteries Venules Arterioles Capillaries

Why do we need it? Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them Pulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit Pulmonary refers to the lungs; blood moving to or from the lungs Systemic refers to the transportation of oxygen rich blood to all the different parts of the body and the removal of wastes from the cells

What are the parts of the heart? Label this diagram using your book.

Layers of the heart Pericardium-membrane around the heart 2 layers Pericardial cavity-filled with serous fluid Reduces friction between membrane and heart Wall of heart has 3 layers Epicardium-reduce friction (made of adipose and connective tissue); made of arteries and veins of the heart Myocardium-thick and made of cardiac muscle; high blood flow here Endocardium-has blood vessels and purkinje fibers (fibers that help to coordinate the contraction of the heart; work with SA and AV node by carrying impulses to the myocardium)

Valves-who needs them? Prevents backflow of blood Valve regulated by papillary muscles (pull on tendons) and chordae tendinae (pull on valve) Atrioventricular valves-valves between atrium and ventricle Tricupsid-b/w RA and RV Mitral Valve (bicupsid valve)-b/w LA and LV Prolapse-valve cusps bulge into the LA Semilunar Valves Pulmonary valve-right ventricle leading into pulmonary artery Aortic Valve-valve before the aorta

Why do we need veins, arteries, and capillaries? Highway around the body! How are each different? Veins-transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart Need to have valves-prevent backflow of blood Thinner walls Not as much pressure Vena cava (inferior and superior) Venules-smaller veins that lead from the capillaries to the veins Heart has coronary veins

Arteries-take oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body Strong and elastic Have endothelium tissue that is smooth prevent blood clots High pressure Made of 3 layers Tunica interna-inner most; provides smooth surface to prevent clots; help to dialate and constrict bv Tunica media-middle; bulk of artery Tunica externa-thin; attaches artery to surrounding tissue Arterioles-connect arteries to capillaries Aorta Vasoconstriction-reduce diameter and contract Vasodialation-increase diameter and relax

Capillaries Smallest Semipermeable layer of cells Muscles have a large number of these whereas cartilage doesn’t (due to metabolic rate) Allows oxygen to leave the blood that is in the capillaries and enter tissue. Allows wastes or carbon dioxide from tissues to leave the cells and enter the blood in the capillaries Osmosis, filtration, diffusion Tons are in the lung alveoli

Arteriosclerosis vs artherosclerosis Artherosclerosis-build up of plaque on walls of arteries Arteriosclerosis-fat hardens and causes the artery to lose elasticity

Arteriosclerosis

Heart vessels Coronary arteries exit out of the aorta into left and right coronary arteries Cardiac veins-bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium or coronary sinus Blockage in the arteries causes a heart attack or myocardial infarction

Pathway from the right atrium back to the right atrium Right atrium Tricupsid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs (capillaries of the alveoli) Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries from the tissue and carbon dioxide leaves the capillaries and enter the tissue Pulmonary vein Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic Valve Aorta

Arteries Arterioles Capillaries (exchange of gases and wastes) oxygen leaves the blood from the capillaries and into the tissue; carbon dioxide leaves the tissue and into the blood of the capillaries Venules (valves) Veins (valves) Inferior or superior vena cava Right atrium