NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Napoleon Young French general that rose up the ranks to become the leader of France Young French general that rose up the ranks to become the leader of France

Coup de tat Directory was losing popularity Directory was losing popularity Napoleon overthrows the government (Coup de tat) Napoleon overthrows the government (Coup de tat) He now rules as one of three consuls He now rules as one of three consuls

France defeats 2 nd Coalition (Britain, Prussia, & Russia) France defeats 2 nd Coalition (Britain, Prussia, & Russia)

Napoleon As Emperor 1804 crowns himself emperor 1804 crowns himself emperor Total support of the French People Total support of the French People Put forth many reforms Put forth many reforms Helped solidify the government Helped solidify the government

Napoleon’s Reforms 1. Economic Order – set up a National Bank 2. Social Order – Welcomed nobles back 3. Religious Order – Signed the Concordat – agreement that set a new relationship between church & state. Religious freedom allowed 4. Legal Order – Wrote a new set of laws called the Napoleonic code

Military Accomplishments War began with Europe in 1803 War began with Europe in 1803 Won numerous battles to control Europe Won numerous battles to control Europe

Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805) (December 1805) France defeats a bigger Austrian & Prussian army France defeats a bigger Austrian & Prussian army Masterful tactical victory Masterful tactical victory Forces Austria out of the war Forces Austria out of the war

Battle of Trafalgar October 1805 October 1805 Napoleon knows he must defeat Britain’s navy to capture Britain Napoleon knows he must defeat Britain’s navy to capture Britain

Battle of Trafalgar French navy meets British navy outside of Gibraltar French navy meets British navy outside of Gibraltar British navy led by Lord Horatio Nelson British navy led by Lord Horatio Nelson British force a retreat & Britain is saved British force a retreat & Britain is saved

1812 Napoleon controls all of Europe except Britain & Russia Napoleon controls all of Europe except Britain & Russia

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL Section 4

3 Mistakes of Napoleon 1. Blockade of Britain 2. Civil War in Spain 3. France invaded Russia

British Blockade Blockade – a naval stoppage of all goods Blockade – a naval stoppage of all goods Napoleon hopes to squeeze the life out of Britain Napoleon hopes to squeeze the life out of Britain It failed – France didn’t have the navy / British start their own blockade vs. France It failed – France didn’t have the navy / British start their own blockade vs. France

Spain Napoleon lost 300,000 men trying to put down rebellions in Spain Napoleon lost 300,000 men trying to put down rebellions in Spain

Russian Invasion As Napoleon invaded Russia, Russian troops pulled back As Napoleon invaded Russia, Russian troops pulled back They refused to meet France in an open battle They refused to meet France in an open battle

Russian Invasion Napoleon went deeper into the country as winter started Napoleon went deeper into the country as winter started The Russians burned everything in their retreat The Russians burned everything in their retreat

Russian Invasion When Napoleon reached Moscow, it was destroyed & deserted When Napoleon reached Moscow, it was destroyed & deserted Napoleon retreats as his army was freezing Napoleon retreats as his army was freezing Russians attack from behind Russians attack from behind

Battle of Leipzig The coalition of Prussia, Britain, & Russia attacked France here The coalition of Prussia, Britain, & Russia attacked France here Forced Napoleon to surrender in Paris Forced Napoleon to surrender in Paris

Napoleon’s Exile Napoleon was sent away to Elba Napoleon was sent away to Elba Small island next to Italy Small island next to Italy Returned 9 months later to France Returned 9 months later to France

Battle of Waterloo Napoleon forces met British forces in Belgium Napoleon forces met British forces in Belgium Long bloody battle ensued Long bloody battle ensued Duke of Wellington – British commander, broke French lines & France was defeated Duke of Wellington – British commander, broke French lines & France was defeated

Napoleon’s Final Exile Sent away to St. Helena Sent away to St. Helena Died 6 Years Later Died 6 Years Later

Critical Thinking Activity Alexis de Tocqueville’s quote on Napoleon: He was as great as a man can be without virtue.” What is virtue? What does Tocqueville mean by this statement? Give examples of how Napoleon was great? How did he act without virtue?