Taylor, Cate and Lana

Sultan Three Pashas

Forming of Alliance

After the retreat from Gallipoli and the eventual surrender of the Anglo-Indian Force, London reacted by redoubling their efforts against the Middle Eastern Central Powers in 1916 Britain was wealthy enough to have the resources the Ottoman empire couldn’t match, even with German assistance Basra was then transformed into a modern port, after General Sir Stanley Frederick Maude equipped a large force of men with “Modern Weapons of War” British forces also gained a new commander in Egypt, General Sir Archibald Murray. The defense of Egypt turned into the invasion of Palestine.

Early 1917, Britain was close to eliminating Turkey from the way and enjoyed success on several fronts “Maude’s forces” captured Baghdad (11/3/1917) Two weeks later “Murray’s force” advance in an attempt to take Gaze to be used as a gateway to Palestine, which was at the time occupied by the ottoman empire. The attempt to take Gaza, failed however. “Murray's” Commanders broke off battle, just before victory. Murray” provided false reports to London, which in turn encouraged London to order another assault. The second Battle of Gaza (17-19 April) failed. The war took a turn for the worse, because of the failure in capturing Gaza. Allied boats were also affected greatly by Germany’s unrestricted U-boat warfare. This of course affected Britain as it threatened their ability to supply and maintain the troops. The march revolution also led to the “paralysis of Russian Military effort against both Germany and Turkey. On the Western front, a mutiny against the French army was prompted by the failure of the Spring French offensive.

The promises left Britain in a lot of difficult situations The army was in poor state even before WW1 had started. Sick Man of Europe “who says ‘Sick Man’ now?” (Cartoonstock)

“internal fracture” Russians had tried this already with the Armenians, ended in the tragic massacre British turned their attentions to the Arabs

Sharif Hussein Alliance was formed between the Arabs and the British. The revolt started on 10 June 1916.

Arabs resorted to Guerilla warfare. 1917, the Arab-British forces captured the Red Sea port of Aqabah Palestine Syria Ottoman army was depleted Started with 800,000 men and now only was 100,000

Due to the Russian Revolution the Ottomans were able to retake their lost territory After 1916 army desertions took place on a massive scale, and economic pressures become acute. Although the Ottoman Government requested armistice on the 30 th October 1918