Date: 2/9/15 Activity: Course & Conduct Warm Up: List 2-3 effects of WWI. Homework: *Homefront due tomorrow Unit Table of Contents PgTitleDate 1WWI Vocab2/2 2Pre-WWI Map2/2 3Causes of WWI2/3 4WWI Preview2/3 5Neutrality to War2/3 6 Course and Conduct 2/5 7 Homefront2/5 8Course and Conduct PPT2/9

THE COURSE AND CONDUCT OF WWI

Before U.S. Entry Into War Between 1914 and 1916 the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman empire) and the Allies (U.K., France, Russia, Italy) fought a number of bloody battles The war was being fought on two fronts

Before U.S. Entry into War Cont. By early 1917, the war was going badly for the Allies Their armies had suffered several major defeats and lost many men Even victories like the battle of Passchendaele were very costly (300,000 casualties)

New Technologies Changed the Way War is Fought The Industrial Revolution created many new advancements in warfare War became more impersonal War also became more deadly

They were used for defensive purposes because they were too heavy to carry. Eventually this weapon was mounted to planes and warships.

Large cannons known as howitzers changed how war was fought. They were loaded with dozens of small lead balls or poison gas. They could knock through barbed wire and knock out enemy machine guns nests. Shells weighing 2,100 lbs could be fired more than 9 miles

To avoid being killed by machine guns and large artillery guns soldiers dug trenches. The 250 yards between enemy trenches became known as “no man’s land.” The trench system led to a stalemate.

Helped end the stalemate caused by trenches. Soldiers could drive tanks over barbed wire and crush other treacherous materials. Allied Powers were much quicker to manufacture more tanks and them to attack Germany trenches.

Germany developed a flamethrower that would be used to attack nearby trenches.

Chemical weapons such as mustard gas and chlorine gas was used to clear enemy trenches.

Planes were used to scout enemy positions until German engineers built a device that timed the firing of a machine gun with the rotation of a plane’s propeller. Air combat became a serious threat.

The Germans and the British fought a major naval battle but neither won a clear victory. Battleships were used to stop supplies from coming into Germany. Battleships are used as part of the convoy system

Submarines sank 1,000 ships carrying supplies and weapons. U-boats gave Germany an advantage over the British battleship The convoy system was created to combat U-boat attacks

Technological Advances All of the technological advances led to a deadlier war for soldiers and civilians

Russian Revolution In March 1917, Nicholas II abdicates (leaves) his throne, In October 1917: Lenin and the Bolsheviks take command: The Soviet Union is created. March 1918: Soviets and Germans sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war in the East.

End of Fighting on the Eastern Front The Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends the fighting in the East Germany was now free to throw all of its troop into the war on the western front

American Expeditionary Force AEF June 1917; First Americans troops landed in France to help the Allies

General John J. Pershing General of the AEF Insisted his men stay with the AEF and not fill in for lost soldiers in the Allied forces He didn’t agree with Allied strategy of defensive war from the trenches If the AEF did well as a separate army they would have a bigger role in the peacemaking process after the war.

Date: 2/10/15 Activity: Homefront Warm Up:How did the US contribute to the war effort once we were involved in WWI? How did we sell it? Homework: WWI Vocab Quiz Friday 2/13 Unit Table of Contents PgTitleDate 1WWI Vocab2/2 2Pre-WWI Map2/2 3Causes of WWI2/3 4WWI Preview2/3 5Neutrality to War2/3 6 Course and Conduct 2/5 7 Homefront2/5 8Course and Conduct PPT2/9

German Spring Offensive of 1918 With Russia out of the war, Germany begins their final push German troops advance to within 50 miles of Paris Around 300,000 American troops a month were arriving in Europe by this time

Second Battle of the Marne July 15 th – Aug American forces join French and British Forces The Allied forces are able to halt the German advance Soon after, the Allied forces counterattacked, the German troops fallback

Chateau Thierry, Belleau Woods One of the first battles by the AEF Part of the 2 nd Battle of the Marne 5 th and 6 th Marine Regiments help turn back the German Advance Marine Captain Lloyd Williams when told by a French Officer to withdraw, "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"

Meuse Argonne Offensive September 1918 The AEF’s goal was to break through the German line to reach the Sedan railroad to northern France. This rail line was the German Army’s main line of supply and communication with Germany.

Meuse Argonne Offensive Cont. After 6 weeks of hard fighting through the Argonne Forest, the Americans achieved their objective. Armistice signed November 11, 1918 WWI was finally over

Effects of the War Casualties *More than 8 million soldiers had died *21 million were injured millions of European civilians also died from starvation, disease, and other war-related causes (The U.S. suffered 116,000 killed

Effects of the War Property *War destroyed roads, bridges, railroad lines, and other transportation facilities.

Effects of the War Emotional Cost to the human spirit- people felt disillusioned from the experience of war people questioned the long-held beliefs about the glories of Western civilization and the nobility of war.