Chapter 17: The Last West & The New South, 1865-1900 The Frontier Indian Wars Farming Frontier A. American Issues People 100 200 300 400 500 Final Jeopardy

The region between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains; many people believed it to be uninhabitable because it was so dry What is the Great American Desert

Rich deposits of silver were discovered in Nevada in 1859 What is Comstock Lode

American historian who claimed that the population would continue to expand as long as there was land available to move into Who is Frederick Jackson Turner

The broad expanse of flat land, west of the Mississippi and east of the Rocky Mountains What is the Great Plains

This territory was once set aside for Native Americans but was thrown open for American settlement in 1889 What is the Oklahoma Territory

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse here What is Little Big Horn

He led the Nez Perce North during hostilities between the tribe and the United States Army in 1877 Who is Chief Joseph

The Sioux, convinced they had been made invincible by magic, were massacred by US troops here What is Wounded Knee

This act tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land; designed to forestall growing Indian poverty, it resulted in many Indians losing their land to speculators What is the Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

Reversal of the Dawes Severalty Act, it secured certain rights to Native Americans and returned the power of self-government on a tribal basis What is the Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

This invention helped to fence in cattle in the vast open spaces of the Great Plains, where lumber was scarce What is barbed wire

A system in which farmers borrowed money against their crops, using their harvests as a payment on the debt What is the Crop Lien System

What is the National Grange Movement A movement that began with farmers who were angered by prices and other alienating conditions; they would ally to create a national alliance that fought for farmers’ rights What is the National Grange Movement

It is the large-scale production of goods and crops to be sold to the public What is commercial farming

This act required railroads to be “reasonable and just;” a five-member board was created to monitor the business operation of carriers transporting goods between the states What is the Interstate Commerce Act (1886)

These created a caste system in the south, included laws that would prevent blacks from voting and create segregated facilities What are Jim Crow Laws

This clause allowed blacks to vote on the basis that their grandfather had had the right to vote as well; a method of preventing African Americans from voting What is the Grandfather Clause

What is the National Negro Business League Organized by Booker T Washington, established 320 chapters across the United States to support businesses owned and operated by African Americans What is the National Negro Business League

What are the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 Cases in which the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not pass legislation against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens (included railroads, hotels, and other public businesses) What are the Civil Rights Cases of 1883

1896 landmark case; the Court held up a Louisiana law requiring “separate but equal accommodations” and that it did not violate the 14th amendment What is Plessy v. Ferguson

Former slave who graduated from Hampton Institute, established an industrial and agricultural school in Tuskegee, Alabama, which became the largest and best-known industrial school in the nation Who is Booker T Washington

He formed the International Migration Society in 1894 with the goal to help black Americans emigrate to Africa Who is Henry Turner

Who is George Washington Carver A black chemist and director of agriculture at Tuskegee Institute; invented many new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soy beans Who is George Washington Carver

She was the editor of a black newspaper, campaigned against lynching and Jim Crow laws; death threats and destruction of her printing press forced her to carry on her work in the north Who is Ida B Wells

She was a muckraker whose book, A Century of Dishonor, exposed the unjust manner in which the United States government had treated the Indians, and protested the Dawes Severalty Act Who is Helen Hunt Jackson

Frontier Restrictions

This act, passed in 1834, banned any white citizen from passing into Indian country without a license What is the Indian Intercourse Act