Introduction to Urban Stormwater Charles Humphrey Jr. Area Environmental Agent North Carolina Cooperative Extension Charles Humphrey Jr. Area Environmental Agent North Carolina Cooperative Extension

Water Cycle in Open and Urban Areas Water Cycle in Open and Urban Areas Urban Stormwater Pollutants Urban Stormwater Pollutants Common Stormwater Best Management Practices Common Stormwater Best Management Practices Summary Summary

Percolation Water Cycle

Urban Water Cycle

What is a Watershed? (Osmond, 2000)

Intended Uses of Water Resources Swimming Swimming Boating Boating Fishing Fishing Drinking water for humans Drinking water for humans Drinking water for animals Drinking water for animals Aquatic life habitat Aquatic life habitat

Stormwater Pollutants/Concerns

Nutrients- nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to eutrophication and fish kills

Sediment- clogs drainage ways, clouds rivers and degrades aquatic habitat

Bacteria- public health risk, can lead to closure of fishing areas and loss of revenue Over 1150 acres of NC shellfish waters have been closed since 1990 mostly due to stormwater runoff

Water- flash floods

Stormwater Regulations Address water quantity and water quality leaving developed sites Address water quantity and water quality leaving developed sites Water quantity- design practices to detain first 1 to 3.5 of stormwater from site Water quantity- design practices to detain first 1 to 3.5 of stormwater from site Water quality- reduce transport of nutrients and sediment to receiving waters Water quality- reduce transport of nutrients and sediment to receiving waters

Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs)

Types of Structural BMPs Wet Ponds Stormwater Wetlands Bio-retention Areas/ Rain Gardens Permeable Pavement Riparian Buffers Water Management and Conservation

Wet Ponds Inlets Forebay Micropool Outlet Aquatic Shelf

Wet Ponds

Stormwater Wetlands

Bio-retention/Rain Gardens Inlet

Bio-retention/Rain Gardens

Permeable Pavements

Riparian Buffers

Water Management and Conservation Pump Station 3,000 Gallon Cistern 3,000 Gallon Cistern Nest

Water Management and Conservation Nest Water level indicator Water level indicator Spigot

Summary Urban water cycle Urban water cycle Less infiltration, more runoff Less infiltration, more runoff Stormwater transported pollutants Stormwater transported pollutants Stormwater Pollutants Stormwater Pollutants Nutrients Nutrients Sediment Sediment Bacteria Bacteria Water Water Stormwater BMPs Stormwater BMPs Wetponds Wetponds Wetlands Wetlands Bio-retention / Rain Gardens Bio-retention / Rain Gardens Permeable Pavements Permeable Pavements Buffers Buffers Water Harvesting Water Harvesting

Acknowledgements Dr. Bill Hunt Dr. Bill Hunt Dr. Deanna Osmond Dr. Deanna Osmond Dr. Greg Jennings Dr. Greg Jennings Bill Lord Bill Lord Mitch Woodward Mitch Woodward Dwane Jones Dwane Jones