Islam By: Jackie Nietert & Josh Oleksiak

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Shahadah Practiced Originally Basic confession of faith Said many times daily “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” 2nd part sums up the Muslim principle of revelation Confess Muhammad is prophet of Allah, confess Quran verses are word of Allah

Salat Practiced Originally Second pillar of Islam Pray five times a day, at daybreak, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and before bed Made up of prescribed ritual washings and portions of the Quran to be recited in Arabic 1st surah is always recited Every Friday must perform Salat in communal setting with imam (teacher)

Zakat Practiced Originally Third pillar Almsgiving Islam regards all wealth as belonging to god Every Muslim has to give 2 and a half percent of his wealth Zakat means “sweetening”

Sawm Practiced Originally Fourth pillar Fasting Fast during month of Ramadan Ramadan is the month in which Muhammad obtained his 1st revelation Every adult Muslim has to abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse dawn to sunset for entire month Fasting is done to increase self-discipline and for the praise of Allah

Practiced Originally Hajj Fifth pillar Pilgrimage to Mecca During the first to twelfth days of the last month of the year Only if you have the money to make trip, and have paid Zakat Pilgrimage includes: visiting the great mosque, kissing the Black Stone, and circling the Kabah seven times Purpose is to strengthen a Muslim’s faith

Muhammad Original Beliefs Preached that there is only one god Claimed Islam is the only true religion Declared himself a prophet and messenger of God Claimed that his revelations were the eternal, unalterable, and perfect word of god

Texts of Islam Quran Final recordings of Muhammad’s revelations from the Angel Gabriel Written in 650 A.D. In perfect Arabic Contains 114 chapter, arranged from longest to shortest in length

Hadith Texts of Islam Means “story; tradition” Sayings and actions of Muhammad Also actions and sayings of his close followers When the Quran does not give guidance for a specific situation, the Hadith is used

Shariah Texts of Islam Law of Islam Combines Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic laws and codes of ethics In countries where Islam is dominant, Shariah is the governing law Allows no separation from the sacred and the worldly

Major Turning Point Major turning point: Sunni Shia split

Sunni Shia Split Division goes back to after Muhammad died Disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad Shia support Ali and say that all caliphs need to be descendants of Muhammad Sunni believe that new caliphs just need to follow the sunnah

Sunni Largest group of Muslims Makes up 85% of all Muslims Follow approved path of Muhammad Recognize first four caliphs Attribute no special religious function to descendants of Muhammad Dominant in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Pakistan

Shia Makes up 15% of Muslims Support Ali as first caliph Says every caliph after Ali needs to be descendant of Muhammad Recognize only exceptional Islam teachers as Imams Dominant Muslim group in Iran, Iraq, and parts of Africa

Leaders of Islam First caliph Abu Bakr Said there was no distinction between Zakat and Salat Collected and wrote down the verses of the Quran Died August 23, 634 A.D. Was buried next to Muhammad

Leaders of Islam Second caliph Umar At first was not Islamic, he beat his sister when he found out she was Islamic Changed to Islam after reading the Quran Would walk around Medina to see if anyone had problems Prayed at a normal mosque, hard to distinguish him from commoners Died in 24 A.H

Leaders of Islam Third caliph Uthman Was friends with Abu Bakr, who brought him to Islam Fasted every second of third day Completed the Quran, and made many copies Was killed by Jewish rebels while saying a Quran verse

Leaders of Islam Fourth caliph Alee Cousin of Muhammad Moved the Islamic capital to Iraq Went hungry while being the leader of Islam Very generous Died on 40 A.H. by an assassin with a poisoned sword

Consequences of Caliphs 3 of the 4 caliphs were assassinated by rebels or people of another religion Caused Jews and Magians to rebel within the caliphate Performed a siege on Uthman’s house Battle between Alee (fourth caliph) and Aaisah(Muhammad’s widow) Kharijites claimed there should be no leader but Allah, attempted to kill all leaders, only succeeding in killing Alee

After Muhammad died, the religion split into Sunni and Shia Islam Spreads After Muhammad died, the religion split into Sunni and Shia When Uthman, the third caliph, got assassinated, it started a civil war Between Ali and the Kharajites Ended when Ali was murdered

No single state could be identified Islam Spreads At the end of the 15th century, the Muslim world was different from the beginning No single state could be identified No longer a faith identified with one region Became universal and more multinational

Religion Today Islamic resurgence in the 1970s Islamic revolution in Iran Opposition to the rule of the shah Ali Shariati, a main opposition to the shah, died in 1978 of mysterious conditions Wanted a new government like an Islamic Marxism

In 1980s and 1990s, Islamic activist movements changed radically Religion Today In 1980s and 1990s, Islamic activist movements changed radically Political Islam had become an important part of mainstream politics Threat of Islamic groups in Algeria and Tunisia were that they could get the majority through democratic processes

About 23% of the world follows Islam Religion Today Current estimates by the Pew Forum are that there are 1.57 billion Muslims in the world 1.1 million to 7 million of the Muslims live in the United States of America About 23% of the world follows Islam

Contradict the teachings of Muhammad Good view of Islam People who use violence and terror in the name of Islam are hypocrites, criminals, and heretics Contradict the teachings of Muhammad Specific prohibition in Islamic law that bans killing by stealth

Bad view of Islam Islamic terrorists have destroyed cars, buildings, and planes Muslim terrorists have murdered tens of thousands of men, women, and children One half of all terrorists are Islamic Muhammad said “kill any Jew that comes under your power” Islamic history shows that as Muslims grew in power, their violence changed to outright warfare

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