Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303) Msc. Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan January 2008 University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303) Lecturer 2 PLANTS IN LANDSCAPE Msc. Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan University of Plastine International

Landscape architecture essentially involves organising and dividing land. Spaces are the result of this division and thus the primary medium of design. Spaces provide for different human uses and enjoyment of the landscape. Spaces

In this chapter, a series of conceptual frameworks for designing space are defined. The organisation of space is described as a process of manipulating ground, ‘wall’ and ‘sky’ planes. Types of enclosure and their characteristics and issues affecting the design of spaces including social, aesthetic and environmental aspects are explored and illustrated. Examples of the use of topography, vegetation, structures and water in the formation of spaces are illustrated.

Space can be defined as … an area of land enclosed, defined or adopted by people for human purposes a medium and concept of landscape architecture a place for outdoor activities an enclosure the ‘opposite’ of form or mass.

Ground, ‘wall’ and ‘sky’ planes For design purposes a space can be thought of as an area defined in three dimensions by: the ground plane, ‘wall’ or vertical planes, the ‘sky’ plane.

The design of spaces is not simply a process of organising planes and elements in abstract ways, but to enable places to function for people and nature.

People’s use and experience of spaces The design of spaces should always be informed and underpinned by an understanding of different people’s needs and activities and experiences of landscapes. Public spaces need to function for an extremely wide range of uses including: social and recreational purposes, for example, gathering, eating, dancing work, for example, buying, selling, mending, studying health and fitness aesthetic and cultural purposes (linked to social and recreational) ecological and environmental purposes.

Form of Space Interpretation of existing site forms Geometry creation of spaces to provide for changed land use Geometry

Metaphor- symbol Symbolism to generate form involves conceiving of or describing the landscape as another (normally) unrelated thing or action in a non-literal way. ‘Dead space’, or ‘Space is flowing’ are examples of landscape metaphor is used in design with the intention that users of the landscape should understand and respond to the meaning(s) of the symbol(s).

space Vernacular Historic paradigms Archetype Vernacular refers to regionally distinct landscapes and landscape forms created by people who were not usually professional designers. Archetypes can be described as similar forms or physical arrangements of human environments which have been repeated or copied over long periods of time and continue to perform the same types of functions.

Space enclosure

Space and edges

Scale of space Scale refers to the perceived relative size of parts of the landscape to each other, to human size and to the emotional effect of this relative size. refer to relationships of parts of a landscape or to the size a person feels in relation to a landscape. Scale can also refer to size in relation to human activity, for example: ‘this space is too small in scale for public events’.

Space relationships Topographic space relationships Sequence of spaces

Contrast and similarity