DT polarization and Fusion Process Magnetic Confinement Inertial Confinement Persistence of the Polarization - Polarized D and 3 He in a Tokamak - DD Fusion.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
« La Polarisation au secours de la Fusion » IPN Orsay, 7 novembre 2011 DT polarization and Fusion Process Magnetic Confinement Inertial Confinement Persistence.
Advertisements

Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,
Ion Beam Analysis techniques:
Spin Filtering Studies at COSY and AD Alexander Nass for the collaboration University of Erlangen-Nürnberg SPIN 2008, Charlottesville,VA,USA, October 8,
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft on the LEAP conference Polarized Fusion by Ralf Engels JCHP / Institut für Kernphysik, FZ Jülich Nuclear.
PhD studies report: "FUSION energy: basic principles, equipment and materials" Birutė Bobrovaitė; Supervisor dr. Liudas Pranevičius.
PIGE experience in IPPE Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia A.F. Gurbich.
Physics of Fusion Lecture 15: Inertial Confinement Fusion Lecturer: Dirk O. Gericke.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft on the LEAP conference Polarized Fusion by Ralf Engels JCHP / Institut für Kernphysik, FZ Jülich Nuclear.
IPN Orsay FEW-BODY 19th – Bonn Jean-Pierre DIDELEZ Persistence of the Polarization in a Fusion Process J. P. Didelez IPN and C. Deutsch LPGP Orsay DT polarization.
Neutral Particles. Neutrons Neutrons are like neutral protons. –Mass is 1% larger –Interacts strongly Neutral charge complicates detection Neutron lifetime.
R. D. Foster, C. R. Gould, D. G. Haase, J. H. Kelley, D. M. Markoff, (North Carolina State University and TUNL), W. Tornow (Duke University and TUNL) Supported.
Week 11 Lecture 27 Monday, Oct 30, 2006 NO CLASS : DPF06 conference Lecture 28 Wednesday, Nov 1, 2006 GammaDecaysGammaDecays Lecture 29 Friday, Nov 3,
Study of D-D Reaction at the Plasma Focus Device P. Kubes, J. Kravarik, D. Klir, K. Rezac, E. Litseva, M. Scholz, M. Paduch, K. Tomaszewski, I. Ivanova-Stanik,
Tony WeidbergNuclear Physics Lectures1 Applications of Nuclear Physics Fusion –(How the sun works covered in Astro lectures) –Fusion reactor Radioactive.
Electron Spin as a Probe for Structure Spin angular momentum interacts with external magnetic fields g e  e HS e and nuclear spins I m Hyperfine Interaction.
N. Doshita, Yamagata Univ.1 The COMPASS polarized target for Drell-Yan physics Drell-Yan physics Informal International Workshop on Drell-Yan physics.
Bremsstrahlung Temperature Scaling in Ultra-Intense Laser- Plasma Interactions C. Zulick, B. Hou, J. Nees, A. Maksimchuk, A. Thomas, K. Krushelnick Center.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft on the LEAP conference Polarized Deuterium/Hydrogen Molecules Possible Fuel for Nuclear Fusion Reactors? by Ralf Engels.
Kaschuck Yu.A., Krasilnikov A.V., Prosvirin D.V., Tsutskikh A.Yu. SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia Status of the divertor neutron flux monitor design and.
Future of Antiproton Triggered Fusion Propulsion Brice Cassenti & Terry Kammash University of Connecticut & University of Michigan.
Laser-microwave double resonance method in superfluid helium for the measurement of nuclear moments Takeshi Furukawa Department of Physics, Graduate School.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia Storage cells for internal experiments with Atomic Beam Source at the.
S PIN A SYMMETRIES ON THE N UCLEON E XPERIMENT ( E07-003) Anusha Liyanage Experiment Nuclear Physics Group Meeting Hampton University May 11, 2009.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft on the LEAP conference Polarized Hydrogen/Deuterium Molecules A new Option for Polarized Targets? by Ralf Engels JCHP.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft on the LEAP conference Polarized Fusion by Ralf Engels JCHP / Institut für Kernphysik, FZ Jülich
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Polarized Fusion by Giuseppe Ciullo INFN and University of Ferrara for Ralf Engels JCHP / Institut für Kernphysik,
HD target.
Plasma diagnostics using spectroscopic techniques
HD target. HD target overview Characteristics of polarized HD target Polarization Method HD target is polarized by the static method using “brute force”
SHIELDING STUDIES FOR THE MUON COLLIDER TARGET. (From STUDY II to IDS120f geometries) NICHOLAS SOUCHLAS (BNL)‏ ‏ 1.
Can we look back to the Origin of our Universe? Cosmic Photon, Neutrino and Gravitational Wave Backgrounds. Amand Faessler, Erice September 2014 With thanks.
VUV-diagnostics of inelastic collision processes in low temperature hydrogen plasmas J. Komppula & JYFL ion source group University of Jyväskylä Department.
Polarized Proton Solid Target for RI beam experiments M. Hatano University of Tokyo H. Sakai University of Tokyo T. Uesaka CNS, University of Tokyo S.
Neutral pion photoproduction and neutron radii Dan Watts, Claire Tarbert University of Edinburgh Crystal Ball and A2 collaboration at MAMI Eurotag Meeting.
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan National Taiwan University, Taiwan National Central University, Taiwan National Chung.
Use of  -Ray-Generating Reactions for Diagnostics of Energetic Particles in Burning Plasma and Relevant Nuclear Data Y. Nakao Department of Applied Quantum.
Fast Electron Temperature Scaling and Conversion Efficiency Measurements using a Bremsstrahlung Spectrometer Brad Westover US-Japan Workshop San Diego,
CCFE is the fusion research arm of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Beam Species Measurements on the MAST NBI system Brendan Crowley Thanks to.
Study of unbound 19 Ne states via the proton transfer reaction 2 H( 18 F,  + 15 O)n HRIBF Workshop – Nuclear Measurements for Astrophysics C.R. Brune,
Absolute neutron yield measurement using divertor NFM Kaschuck Yu.A., Krasilnikov A.V., Prosvirin D.V., Tsutskikh A.Yu. SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia.
Beijing, Sept 2nd 2004 Rachele Di Salvo Beam asymmetry in meson photoproduction on deuteron targets at GRAAL MENU2004 Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure.
1. Fast ignition by hydrodynamic flow
Abel Blazevic GSI Plasma Physics/TU Darmstadt June 8, 2004 Energy loss of heavy ions in dense plasma Goal: To understand the interaction of heavy ions.
First Experiments with the Polarized Internal Gas Target (PIT) at ANKE/COSY Ralf Engels for the ANKE-Collaboration Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum.
1 Possibility to obtain a polarized hydrogen molecular target Dmitriy Toporkov Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk, Russia XIV International.
Applications of Nuclear Physics
The Polarized Internal Target at ANKE: First Results Kirill Grigoryev Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich PhD student from Petersburg Nuclear.
(F.Cusanno, M.Iodice et al,Phys. Rev. Lett (2009). 670 keV FWHM  M. Iodice,F.Cusanno et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 99, (2007) 12 C ( e,e’K )
1 Nuclear Fusion Class : Nuclear Physics K.-U.Choi.
SANE Collaboration ( E07-003) Anusha Liyanage Hampton University January 12, 2010 Measurement Of the Proton Form Factor Ratio at High Q 2 by Using The.
Neutron exposure at CERN Mitsu KIMURA 19 th July 2013.
People Xavier Stragier Marnix van der Wiel (AccTec) Willem op ‘t Root Jom Luiten Walter van Dijk Seth Brussaard Walter Knulst (TUDelft) Fred Kiewiet Eddy.
The mass of the nuclei produced is less than the mass of the original two nuclei The mass deficit is changed into energy We can calculate the energy released.
Shock ignition of thermonuclear fuel with high areal density R. Betti Fusion Science Center Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester FSC.
Trident Laser Facility
Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment ( E07-003) Anusha Liyanage Advisor : Dr. Michael Kohl  Introduction  Physics Motivation  Detector Setup &
Initial Tests of the JLab Frozen Spin Target Chris Keith Target Group Jefferson Lab September 13, 2007 Brookhaven National Lab.
New concept of light ion acceleration from low-density target
Polarized solid Targets for AFTER
Tentative polarized solid Targets for CERN Projects
Controlling nuclear fusion
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
1. Introduction Secondary Heavy charged particle (fragment) production
Feasibility Study of the Polarized 6Li ion Source
Lecture 15: Inertial Confinement Fusion Lecturer: Dirk O. Gericke
Feasibility Study of the Polarized 6Li ion Source
Advantages of Nuclear Fusion
for the A1 collaboration
Presentation transcript:

DT polarization and Fusion Process Magnetic Confinement Inertial Confinement Persistence of the Polarization - Polarized D and 3 He in a Tokamak - DD Fusion induced by Laser on polarized HD The “Few-Body” Problems Static Polarization of HD Dynamic Polarization of HD and DT POLAF Project at ILE (Osaka) Conclusion DT Polarization for ICF

DT polarization and Fusion Process (Kulsrud, 1982) (More, 1983) D + T → 4 He (3.5 Mev) + n (14.1 MeV) MeV S = ½ S = 1 S = 3/2 S = ½ 95% – 99% D + T → 5 He (3/2 + ) → 4 He + n 1% – 4% S = 3/2 3/2 1/2 -1/2 -3/2 S = 1/2 1/2 -1/2 4 states 2 states 2/3 of the interactions contribute to the reaction rate If D and T are polarized then - all interactions contribute - n and α have preferential directions Sin 2 (θ) - n from DD fusion are suppressed QSF (Jülich – Gatchina) 50 % Increase in released energy The question is to know if the polarization will persist in a fusion process ? Depolarization mechanisms are small: 1) Inhomogeneous static magnetic fields, 2) Binary collisions, 3) Magnetic fluctuations, 4) Atomic effects ( J/g)

Plasma Density n = (cm -3 ) ; Confinement Time τ = 10 (sec) Lawson Criterion (n τ > (sec/cm 3 ) Fusion by Magnetic Confinement – (ITER) ITER Plasma Volume = 873 m 3 τ = 300 (sec) Power = 500 MW

Fusion by Inertial Confinement – (MEGAJOULE) Plasma Density n = (cm -3 ) ; Confinement Time τ = (sec) Lawson Criterion (n τ > (sec/cm 3 ) ICF Target 3mm radius Carbone & 4 mg cryogenic DT 2000 times compressed 300 g/cm 3 5 keV 825 MJ within 100 ps J. MEYER-TER-VEHN, Nucl. Phys. News, Vol 2 N° 3 (1992) 15

A:unpolarized DT B:polarized DT At fixed G: E B / E A < 0.7 for G=100 E A = 880 kJ E B = 510 kJ E A min = 450 kJ E B min = 290 kJ for E = 1 MJ G A = 140 G B = 307

DD D2T2D2T2 DT D 2 T 2 ?

Fusion by Magnetic Confinement – (ITER) Persistence of the Polarization - Injection of Polarized D and 3 He in a Tokamak (A. Honig and A. Sandorfi) D + 3 He → 4 He + p MeV (DIII-D Tokamak of San Diego, USA) Expected: 15% increase in the fusion rate - Powerful Laser on a polarized HD target → P and D Plasma P + D → 3 He + γ MeV Expected: Angular distribution of the γ ray Change in the cross section D + D → 3 He + n MeV Expected: Change in the total cross section Sin 2 θ angular distribution of the neutrons

Powerful Laser (Terawatt) creates a local plasma of p and d ions (5 KeV) 5.5 MeV γ ray from p + d → 3 He + γ 2.45 MeV n from d + d → 3 He + n Tentative Set-Up Polarized HD Target 25 cm 3 H (p) polarization > 60% D (d) vect. polar. > 14% 200 mJ, 160 fs 4.5 µm FWHM 970 nm, ~ W/cm 2

The “Few-Body” Problem d 1/2 1 p d 3 He γ dσ 4 /dω γ ~ (1+ cos 2 θ) * (S = 3/2) σ 0 (10 keV) = 18 µbarn ** radiative captures/laser shot ? For polarized plasma, angular dependence relative to the polarization axis, but forward peaked, small cross section and almost impossible to detect the γ (EM background). dσ 5 /dω n ~ sin 2 θ *** (S = 2) σ n 5 / σ 0 < 0.5 ; σ 0 (1.5 MeV) = 100 mbarn *** For polarized plasma, angular dependence perpendicular to the polarization axis, large cross section and “easy” detection of the very slow neutrons. Possibility to rotate the polarization of the RCNP HD target without any other change. High “D” polarization possible by AFP. * M. Viviani ** G. J. Schmid PR C52, R1732 (1995) *** A. Deltuva, FB Bonn (2009) HD Plasma 5 keV 3 He d n

POLAF proposal (RCNP, ILE and ORSAY) with the multi-detector “MANDALA” at ILE - Osaka. An energy resolution of 28 keV for 2.45-MeV DD neutrons is achieved with MANDALA m Target Chamber MANDALA DD neutron energy [MeV] Count ΔE D ~ 2.2 m neutron detector t10 cm PMT  10 cm BC-408 scintillat or ×422 ch An energy resolution of 28 keV for 2.45-MeV DD neutrons is achieved with MANDALA m Target Chamber MANDALA DD neutron energy [MeV] Count ΔE D ~ 2.2 m neutron detector

Static Polarization of HD B/T > 1500 Dilution Refrigerator 10 mK and 17 T (B/T = 1700)

1220mm 170mm 70m m Mixing Chamber Nb3Sn joints & Protection Circuit NbTi joints & Switch Main Coil Correction Coil Null Coil Rough dimensions of the magnet 400mm 600mm 550mm 1K Pot 538mm Static Polarization of HD : DR 10 mK, 17 T solenoid

B Adding free electrons. For B=2.5 T and T = 1 K, e - polarization = 92% Proton relaxation time >> electron 92% ~50% Initial concentration Needed o-H2: < 0.02 % p-D2: < 0.1% e-e- e-e- Proton or Triton Dynamic Polarization of HD or DT Solem et al. in 1974 reach 4% H polarization with HD containing % H 2 D 2 Transitions made possible through microwave excitation: ~70GHz ~50%

Mass Spectrometer Sampler Tanks Distillator Extraction Valves

Conclusions Polarization looks like a MUST for future power plants. We have in Europe (and in France): ITER to study the magnetic confinement and MEGAJOULE for the inertial confinement. The full polarization of DT fuel increases the reactivity by at least 50% and controls the reaction products direction of emission. Simulations of ICF 100%. The cost of a polarization station (10 7 €) is negligible compared to the cost of a reactor (10 10 € for ITER). A first question remain: D and T relaxation times during fusion process ? We have proposed a “simple” experiment to approach this question, at least for the inertial confinement: POLAF Project accepted at ILE (OSAKA) Feasibility of the experiment confirmed for D + D → 3 He + n reaction which can also test the RPA features Polarization of the fuel? DNP of HD and DT must be revisited seriously somewhere, as well as high intensity polarized D 2 and T 2 molecular jets.

J.-P. Didelez and C. Deutsch, « Persistence of the Polarization in a Fusion Process », LPB 29 (2011) 169

TNSA on « thick » Targets

HD Target: NMR Measurements 0.85 T – 1.8 K Back conversion at room temp. for 5 hours is 30%

HD Target: Production Step I: HD purity monitoring – Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer HD quality on the market ? Step II: HD production – Distillation apparatus in Orsay Over 3 month of ageing necessary

Distillation apparatus in Orsay 3 extraction point 3 temperature probe To mass spectrometer Stainless Steel column filled with Stedman Packing: Heater 1 Heater 2

- Demontrate the persistence with an ultrashort laser and a polarized HD target (HIIF2010, GSI Darmstadt, August 2010) - Develop the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of HD (SPIN2010, KFA Jülich, September 2010) - DNP of DT molecules (HIIF2012, ? ) - Fusion of polarized DT at Mégajoule (20??)