L07

2 ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION Current Policy Package: Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund) Current Policy Package: Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund) Lecture 7 And Lecture 8 Lecture 7 And Lecture 8 New Policy Draft: Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level New Policy Draft: Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir and LO2 Lamp 2 SPB

1.Steps in Educational Planning 2.Factors associated with acceptance and dissemination of innovation 3.Development of educational program 3 EDUCATIONAL PLANNING MODEL This Note is Courtesy of Prof Madya Dr. Mohd Majid Konting, UPM, CONTENTS

1. Defining the Educational Problem 2. Analyzing the Problem 3. Conceptualizing & Designing Plans 4. Evaluating Plans 5. Specifying the Plan 6. Implementing the Plan 7. Feedback of the Plan 4 STEPS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

Delineating the scope of the educational problem: identifying the problem; when an event/ activity is de-railed or deviates from the vision or the original plan Studying “What has been” Determining “What is versus what should be” Resources and constraints: organizational and individual Establishing educational planning parts and priorities: use systems design and approach to study parts, theirs strengths and weaknesses 5 1. DEFINING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM

Study the identified problem in detail: conceptualization and literature to support Gathering data: obtain empirical evidence of hard and soft data, demographic, socio- economic data Analysis and Tabulation of data Forecasting: cohort analysis based on the age of the population 6 2. ANALYZING THE PROBLEM

a. Identifying the prevailing trends: i.Human trends; society, community, norms, economic activities ii.Environmental trends, changes in human trends b. Establishing goals and objectives c. Designing plans: more than one plan 7 3. CONCEPTUALIZING & DESIGNING PLANS

Planning through simulation: mathematical and logic simulation Evaluating plans: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Selecting a plan according to priority: use contingency plans 8 4. EVALUATING PLANS

Implementation of the blue print Systems support: approval, legal justification Organization 9 5. SPECIFYING THE PLAN

Program preparation: dissemination Organizing operational units IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

Monitoring the plan Evaluating the plan Adjusting, altering, redesigning the plan FEEDBACK OF THE PLAN

Rogers (2003) : 1. Characteristics & attributes of innovation 2. Types of innovative decisions 3. Communication channel 4. Characteristics of social system 5. The role of change agent 12 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF INNOVATION

a. Relative advantage: especially in personal terms b. Adaptability: comfortable to recipients; knowledge, skills, norms, culture, needs c. Complexity: additional knowledge, skills required d. Easy to experiment: pilot study and prior exposure e. Easy to observe: hard evidences ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION

a. Alternative decisions: by individuals, self- awareness, high sustainability b. Group decision: by organizational members, awareness, high sustainability c. Authority decision: directive, low sustainability TYPES OF DECISIONS

a. Hard channels: pamphlets, books, documents, news paper b. Soft channels: electronic media, TV, radio, internet COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

i) Traditional Society: a. Relationship between members is personal based on soft behavior: respect and polite b. Little exposure to and less communication with external development c. Little orientation to accept change and out-dated technology d. Less able to change their role or understand others especially outsiders who brought changes CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM Continued ii) Modern Society: a.Relationship between members is based on rationale, not influenced by emotions b. Wider exposure to external development and easier to accept new changes BUT critical c. Positive attitude towards change and new technology d. Able to change roles and adapt to new roles with little difficulty

a. Initiate the needs and enthusiasm for change b. Initiate awareness and explain the change’s objectives c. Diagnose customer’s needs and problems d. Establish and strengthen relationship between recipients and planners of innovation e. Organize and implement change’s activities f. Stabilize, sustain and maintain change g. Develop a termination plan to terminate her/his role as a change agent THE ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT

a. Statement of objectives b. Statement of scope of work c. List of specifications d. List of stakeholder valuations e. Logic diagram for key stages f. Work breakdown structure for the key stages g. Milestone schedule h. Success factors their methods of measurement i. Bar chart for the key stages j. Linear responsibility chart for the key stages k. Approved budget statement l. Operating budget statement 18 PROGRAM PREPARATION

19 ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION Current Policy Package: Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund) Current Policy Package: Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund) Lecture 7 And Lecture 8 Lecture 7 And Lecture 8 New Policy Draft: Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level New Policy Draft: Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir and LO2 Lamp 2 SPB

20 DISCUSSION What are the factors that make children go to schools? What do policy makes need to have in place to ensure children go to schools?

21 7 EVALUATION 3 (30%): GROUP ASSIGNMENT 3 – POLICY PLANNING In a group of 4 persons, you are required to prepare an educational policy/strategic plan. Choose an educational problem of your interest to prepare the plan. You can use the strategic educational planning model to guide you in preparing the plan. As a guide, each assignment must be reported in written form using Times New Roman, Font 12 and margin 1.5 with an estimated total of 5,000 words or 15 pages. Present your assigment in week 11 and Submit your assigment in week 12.

General Format For Policy Proposal 1.Title (5 marks) 2.Elaboration on educational issue (background, policy issue, data) (10 marks) 3.Elaboration on why issue needs to addressed (10 marks) 4.Detail of proposed plan to address issue (10 marks) 5.Implication of plan ( financial, job positions, politics, social etc) (10 marks) 6.Short summary. (5 marks)

23 Continue in L08