Disparity in Human Rights Dr.P.K.Manoharan Dean College Development Council Bharathiar University

Distribution of Resources and Population Internationalization of Education Environment

“Human Rights means the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution” - Human Rights Act, 1993

Growth of World Population

Levels of Population Over Population Optimum Population Under Population World can feed comfortably only for 200 crores of population with the existing resources.

Distribution of Population & Resources DCs20% of Population80% of Resources UDCs80% of Population20% of Resources India is having 2.6% of the land area 17% of the World Population

Growth of Population World Population1.7% per annum DCs0.6% per annum UDCs2% per annum India2.25% per annum

World Population Day World Population reached five billion (500 crores) on July 11th The United Nations began to commemorate the World Population Day on July 11th every year from 1987 onwards. Objective: to enhance people’s awareness about the population problem

Globalization and Education To reshape the world economy after the Great Depression and II World War it was decided to establish 3 international institutions, viz., IBRD - (World Bank) International Bank for Reconstruction and Devt. IMF – International Monetary Fund ITO – International Trade Organization

Categories of Service Sector 1. Business 2. Communication 3. Construction and Engineering 4. Distribution 5. Education 6. Environmental 7. Finance 8. Health 9. Tourism and Travel 10. Recreational 11. Transport 12. Other Services not included elsewhere

Sub-sectors of Education Service 1. Primary Education 2. Secondary Education 3. Higher Education 4. Adult and Continuing Education 5. Other Educational Service

General Agreement of Trade in Services (GATS) Apart from commodities, services have also been identified for free trade and the conference at Doha led to a General Agreement of Trade in Services (GATS) Education has been identified as one of the 12 services for global trade

Modes of GATS Cross Border Supply (Education Service beyond the boundary) Consumption Abroad (Students Studying abroad) Commercial Presence (Presence of foreign institution in a host country) Movement of Natural Persons (Movement of Persons for teaching abroad)

Basic Information on Hr. Edn. In India Sl.NO. Particulars Universities Colleges Students2,28, lakhs 4.Teachers<0.24 lakhs5.5 lakhs

No. of Universities in some Leading Countries Sl.NO. Country Population in crores No. of Universities 1.Japan USA UK (231 autonomous instts.) 4.Germany India100430

Student Enrolment in Hr. Edn. In Selected Countries Sl.NO. Country% Enrolment 1.Canada88 2.Australia USA UK52 5.India6

World wide Distribution of Foreign Students Sl.NO. Region % of foreign students 1. US, UK, France, Germany, Australia 75 2.Other OECD10 3.Non OECD15 Total100

Human Rights Education Human Rights Education is not just about Human Rights, i.e., acquiring knowledge. It is also education for human rights, helping people to feel the importance of Human Rights. It contributes directly to improving the life of both individuals and the community.

UGC and HRE In 1985, the UGC prepared a blueprint for promotion of Human Rights teaching and research at all levels of education. The UGC has been promoting and supporting Human Rights and Duties Education in universities and colleges since the IX Plan and the UGC would continue to strengthen this programme in the subsequent plans, also.

Objectives of HRE to develop interaction between society and educational institutions; to sensitize the citizens so that the norms and values of human rights and duties education programme are realized; to encourage research studies concerning the relationship between Human Rights and Duties Education and International Humanitarian Law;