WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science? Interest Grabber

SCIENCE: Is an ________________ Uses_______ to ______ events ______and organizes ______ Deals only with __________ Looks for _______ and __________ organized method Image from: evidence explain Collects information natural world patterns connections

Scientists: _______________ that can be _______ by ___________________ propose explanations TESTED examining evidence

Science is ______________but a ___________________ Because of new tools, techniques, & discoveries, our understanding of science is __________________. not “just facts” “WAY OF KNOWING” ALWAYS CHANGING

Our understanding of science is _________ in _______ intelligent ________ about a wide variety of _______ that affect our lives. Renewable fuels AIDS Global warming Stem Cell Research Bird flu Alternative energy Cancer Endangered species CloningNuclear power Pollution essential decisions issues making

BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ Study of living things Bacteria Image from: The science of “LIFE”

Click the image to play the video segment. It’s Alive! Part 1 1A Part 2 1BPart 1 Part 2

1.Made of _________ 2. _____________ 3. Based on a _____________________ 4. _______ and ____________ 5.______ & ___ ________ & _______ 6. ________ to their ____________ 7. ______________________________ 8. As a group, __________________ Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS cells Reproduce universal genetic code Maintain a stable internal environment Grow develop Obtain use materials energy Respond environment change over time

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells The _____ is the ______________. basic unit of life CELL

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell Image from: (Ex: _________) UNICELLULAR bacteria

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells _________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) MADE OF MANY CELLS Images from: MULTICELLULAR BEGINONE CELL a human a tree

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce ____________ ____________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: combines sperm + egg = baby genetic material 2 parents

___________ ______________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Planaria animation: ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT

All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID GENE Image from: Segment of DNA PROTEIN

_____________ organisms, like a bacterium, grow by ________________. Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop INCREASING in SIZE SINGLE CELLED

Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number Image from: Image by Riedell ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________ Image from: DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: PROCESS OF CHANGING

_________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ See end of show for image sources All cells have the SAME DNA... WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF different

It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you.

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & ____________ This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” grow and develop need BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY!

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ AUTOTROPHS Image from: make their own food GREEN PLANTS sunlight photosynthesis glucose

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ HETEROTROPHS Image from: consuming other organisms Animals most bacteria

Vocab word the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ metabolism chemical reactions builds up breaks down

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A stimulus can be _________________ Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. EXTERNAL Image from:

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A stimulus can be ____________ Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. INTERNAL

VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much... the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. FEEDBACK

HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION)

ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ EVOLUTION survival species changing world

Muscle: RBC: Nerve: Bone: Cheek: SOURCES

Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis L.1.3A. (Synthesis) Explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation. Examples: Tissue formation Development of new cells from original stem cells SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; predict the function of a given structure; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe the relationship between structure and function ; predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment; High school students performing at the BASIC level recognize that different structures perform different functions; identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code; define homeostasis;

Indicator 1: Understand the nature and origin of scientific knowledge N.1.1. Students are able to evaluate a scientific discovery to determine and describe how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influence scientific investigations and interpretations. Recognize scientific knowledge is not merely a set of static facts but is dynamic and affords the best current explanations. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS NATURE OF SCIENCE

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: given a scientific discovery, evaluate how different societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influenced the investigation and its interpretation; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: given a scientific discovery narrative, determine and describe how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influenced the investigation and its interpretation; High school students performing at the BASIC level given a scientific discovery narrative, identify the cultural and personal beliefs that influenced the investigation.