VETERINARY DRUG USE AND PRESCRIBING CH. 5

–All drugs have 3 names Chemical name Generic (nonproprietary) name Trade (proprietary) name

TRADE NAME: –Benadryl CHEMICAL NAME: –2(Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride CHEMICAL STRUCTURE: GENERIC NAME: –diphenhydramine hydrochloride

CHEMICAL NAME Describes the chemical structure of the drug –Long, wordy, hard to say –Rarely used when describing medications Chemical structure is the diagram of the chemical arrangement of the drug –Sometimes seen on package inserts –Also rarely used

GENERIC NAME Also called the NONPROPRIETARY name Written in lower case Official identifying name of the drug –Assigned by the U.S. adopted names Council Describes the active drug(s) in the product Easier to pronounce than the chemical name

DO YOU KNOW THE GENERIC NAME? TYLENOL –acetaminophen ADVIL –ibuprofen CLARITIN –loratadine

TRADE NAME Also called the PROPRIETARY name Written in capital letters or begins with a capital letter –Considered a proper noun May only be used by the company that registered the drug –Registered by the U.S. Patent Office (approved by the USDA) May have R or ® next to the name to imply that the product is registered

DO YOU KNOW THE TRADE NAME? pseudoephedrine –Sudafed chlorpheniramine –Chlor-trimeton famotidine –Pepcid

As we have already discussed, generic companies are allowed to market a drug once the manufacturer’s patent expires They must be bioequivalent (produce similar blood levels) Occasionally a patient will react one way to a drug, and have a completely different reaction with its generic counterpart. Generic drugs are usually cheaper

FDA REGULATIONS Oversees drug standards and the adherence to these standards Can be found in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) –L–Legally recognized drug standard of the U.S.A –D–Describes the source, appearance, properties, standards of purity, etc. of important drugs All drugs must meet USP standards, be correctly labeled, identifying the manufacturer and the directions for use. All advertisements must be true and correct.

PACKAGE INSERTS INFORMATION PROVIDED WITH THE DRUG BOTTLE OR VIAL BY THE MANUFACTURER TO CLARIFY THE DRUG’S PROPERTIES AND USES

PACKAGE INSERTS The following info is usually found on a package insert: Trade name (if not a generic product), generic name, chemical name Rx symbol if it is a prescription product C with a Roman numeral if it is a controlled substance Manufacturer’s name and insert

PACKAGE INSERTS Chemistry section/composition statement –Physical and chemical properties, appearance, solubility, chemical structure, melting point, additional ingredients Pharmacology –Toxicology and pharmacokinetics may be all combined into this section Indications and usage –Reasons to use the drug, how to use it, and how long to use it, what species to use it in

PACKAGE INSERTS Contraindications –When not to use the drug Precautions –Conditions that will make the drug more likely to cause a problem Warnings –Conditions when problems with drug use may occur Adverse reactions/Side effects –Undesirable reactions to the drug/effects that occur other than the intended effect

PACKAGE INSERTS Overdosage –Dangers of using excessive amounts, the signs of overdose, and how to handle it Dosage and administration –Amount of drug per body weight of the animal that will produce the desired effect and the route in which the drug should be administered Storage –Recommended temperature and conditions How Supplied –Dosage forms, strengths, container size

REFERENCE BOOKS PHYSICIAN’S DESK REFERENCE –Manufacturer’s Index, Brand and Generic Name Index, Product Category Index, Product Identification Guide COMPENDIUM OF VETERINARY PRODUCTS and VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOLOGICALS –Manufacturer and Distributor Index, Brand Name and Ingredient Index, Therapeutic Index, Charts

FDA requires that a drug label state: indications for use, species to be used in, route of administration, dose, length of treatment FDA’s Compliance Policy Guide discusses that food-producing animals should not receive drugs that are labeled for humans Prescription – an order to a pharmacist, written by a licensed veterinarian, to prepare the prescribed medication and affix the directions, and then sell the product to the client

THE 7 PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION 1) Vet’s name address, phone number –Usually preprinted at the top –DEA # is needed if it is a script for a controlled substance, but this may be provided in private 2) Client’s name and address, name and species of patient 3) Name, strength, quantity of drug to be given

4) Instructions for the amount to be given, route, frequency, and duration of administration 5) # of refills allowed 6) Vet’s signature 7) Date of prescription Can also include cautionary statements and withdrawal times

DRUG LABEL When dispensing medication, the following should be included on the label: –Name and address of the dispenser –client’s name (address is optional) –Animal’s name and species –Drug name, strength, and quantity to be given –Date of order –Directions –Refill info (if necessary)

THINGS TO REMEMBER DON’T REFILL A MEDICATION BEFORE VERIFYING IT WITH A VETERINARIAN DISPENSE MEDS IN CHILDPROOF CONTAINERS CHECK THE DRUG’S EXPIRATION DATE DISPENSE LIGHT-SENSITIVE DRUGS IN AMBER COLORED BOTTLES AND STORE THEM AWAY FROM LIGHT. WRITE A ZERO BEFORE ANY DECIMAL POINT