bio = life BIOLOGY UNIT 1 ology = the study of Biology = the study of life

Objectives Define Biome Identify distinctive plants, animals, and climatic characteristics of Canadian biomes (tundra, permanent ice, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rainforest, grasslands) Identify factors that affect the global distribution of the 8 terrestrial biomes (as above plus desert, tropical rainforest) 2

Earth 1972 – as seen from Apollo 17 BIOLOGY UNIT = BIOMES 3

= the largest divisions of the Earth’s biosphere What is a Biome? 4

= any and all of the places on Earth where life exists - includes all terrestrial and aquatic biomes What is a Biosphere? 5

- travel - economics - curiosity - survival Who Cares? 6

- Boreal Forest The 8 Terrestrial Biomes 7 - Temperate Deciduous Forest -Temperate Rain Forest -Tropical Rain Forest - Grassland - Desert - Tundra - Permanent Ice

Boreal Forest 8

Where is the Boreal Forest? Northern Hemisphere including Canada, Russia, Finland and Scandinavia 9

What is the Boreal Forest like? Climate: temperatures = -40  C – 20  C precipitation = cm annually Physical:short summers rough terrain wetlands Plants:mainly coniferous trees (cones and needles) spruce and balsam shady = very little understory Animals: 10

Temperate Deciduous Forest 11

Where is the Temperate Deciduous Forest? Eastern Canada, Eastern USA, Western Europe, Eastern Asia 12

What is the Temperate Deciduous Forest like? Climate: temperatures = -30  C – 30  C precipitation = cm annually Physical:extreme seasons long, warm growing season rich soil Plants:deciduous and conifers grow in 4-5 layers maple, oak, birch, short trees, shrubs, ferns, herbs and mosses Animals: 13

Temperate Rain Forest 14

Where is the Temperate Rain Forest? West Coast of Canada, USA and South America and Southern Australia, New Zealand 15

What is the Temperate Rain Forest like? Climate: temperatures = 5  C – 25  C precipitation = over 200 cm annually Physical:along coasts that have mountains long cool, wet seasons Plants:deciduous and conifers trees can grow extremely tall mosses, lichens, ferns and fungi very shady in forest Animals: 16

Tropical Rain Forest 17

Where is the Tropical Rain Forest? band around the equator including Central America, Central Africa and Southeast Asia 18

What is the Tropical Rainforest like? Climate: temperatures = 20  C – 35  C precipitation = over 250 cm annually Physical:poor soil extreme rain forest floor very shady Plants:grow in many layers plants grow on other plants to get to sun Animals: 19

Grassland 20

Where is the Grassland? Canada, USA, Russia, Africa, South America, Northern Australia 21

What is the Grassland like? Climate: temperatures = -10  C – 30  C precipitation = cm Physical:flat lands (prairies) very rich, fertile soil wind can cause soil erosions Plants:few trees due to lack of rain deep rooted grasses many wildflowers Animals: 22 Climate: temperatures = -10  C – 30  C precipitation = cm Physical:flat lands (prairies) very rich, fertile soil wind can cause soil erosions Plants:few trees due to lack of rain deep rooted grasses many wildflowers Animals:

Desert 23

Where is the Desert? Canada, USA, Africa, South America, Australia, Argentina and Central Asia 24

What is the Desert like? Climate: temperatures = -2  C – 38  C precipitation = less than 25 cm annually Physical:salty soil Plants:few plants adapted to lack of water spines protect form being eaten Animals: 25

Tundra 26

Where is the Tundra? Upper Northern Hemisphere including Canada, USA, Greenland and Russia 27

What is the Tundra like? Climate: temperatures = -30  C – 12  C precipitation = less than 25 cm annually Physical:has a layer of permanently frozen soil = permafrost flat, poor drainage pools and marshes Plants:no trees short grasses, lichens and mosses shrubs and short flowers Animals: 28

Permanent Ice 29

Where is the Permanent Ice? Arctic, Greenland (ironic ) and Antarctica 30

What is the Permanent Ice like? Climate: temperatures = -30  C – 15  C precipitation = less than 50 cm annually Physical:very strong winds very little soil very little fresh water (frozen) Plants:lichen and moss flowering plants (mostly Arctic) Animals: 31

BIOMES PROJECT Purpose: to learn more about factors that affect and influence the characteristics of the different biomes Approach:a combination of guidance and freedom to discover and demonstrate your own knowledge Meaning:1. Pick a biome to focus your attention on 2. Each day Dr. T will present a mini-lesson 3. Each day you will apply that mini-lesson to your chosen biome…you will have to “show what you know” using info about your chosen biome - some days…given strict guidelines - other days…given FREEDOM! 4. Hand in all assignments on time…I will assess and give feedback so you can make corrections before final submission…DO NOT THROW ANYTHING AWAY! 5. Final class of unit…assembly time…your choice 32

BIOMES PROJECT Partners: allowed and encouraged Be careful:for some parts of the project each partner will have to complete and submit their own copy of the assignment - READ ALL DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY! Be careful:Pick a reliable partner who you can work with outside of class time if necessary 33

BIOMES PROJECT Class Time: must be used productively Be careful:you DO NOT have the option to say “I will work on this at home”…you must be working in class! 34