Transportation Security: Three Years After 9/11 Eva Lerner-Lam and Monica Isbell Palisades Security Consulting Team Presented at the ITS Washington Annual Meeting Tuesday, September 21, 2004

Overview of Presentation What is being done today 3 years after attack on our homeland 9/11 Commission Report Legislative Initiatives in the 108th Congress Emerging Issues Process vs. technology (both are important, but technology is not the “magic bullet”) “I can tell you, but then I’d have to shoot you…” Who’s going to pay for all this?

What is Being Done Today: Better Integrated Planning DHS is developing a National Response Plan (NRP) that consolidates and reconciles multiple national-level incident response plans into a single, focused, universally understood strategy

What is Being Done Today: Cargo Every port in America has submitted a security plan The Coast Guard is overseeing physical and procedural security improvements through federal grants and self-funding by ports

What is Being Done Today: Cargo U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) screens data and documents of all imports and physically inspects 100% of cargo identified as “high risk.” CBP continues to introduce new voluntary and mandatory programs covering imported cargo

What is Being Done Today: Cargo Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (voluntary) Container Security Initiative (CSI) (voluntary) Random Non-Intrusive Inspections (NII) and Vehicle and Cargo Inspection Systems (VACIS)

What is Being Done Today: Cargo 48-hour Port Entry application and notice to the Coast Guard for all vessels Advance Manifest requirement for key data elements to enable CBP to perform risk assessment Ocean cargo - before cargo loading at foreign port Airfreight, rail and truck shipments - prior to entering U.S. borders

What is Being Done Today: Cargo “Smart” technologies for cargo containers are being developed High security seals Container sensor devices to detect tampering, radiation, explosives, etc. Costs must go down to encourage wide-spread use

What is Being Done Today: Passengers Air Travel Vulnerability assessments Hardened cockpit doors on 100% of large passenger aircraft 100% of all checked baggage is screened

What is Being Done Today: Passengers Transit Bus, Rail and Ferry Operators have performed vulnerability assessments of operations and facilities

What is Being Done Today: Passengers Immigration US-VISIT system links databases TSA Secure Flight Program

What is Being Done Today: HazMat Trucking and Rail American Chemical Council and others have required security vulnerability assessment of all aspects including the accountability of security of chemicals in transit.

What is Being Done Today: Information Sharing The Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) New 24-hour Homeland Security Operations Center co-locates 35 different Federal agencies

What is Being Done Today: Response Interoperability: DHS’s Safecom and RapidCom programs Developing a patch-panel device

What is Being Done Today: Training 450,000+ first responders trained since FY2002

What is Being Done Today: Citizens Citizen Preparedness: National Preparedness Month Citizen Corps Councils Transit Watch

What is Being Done Today: People BioShield Act of 2004: BioShield ensures vaccines, drugs and medical supplies are ready for rapid distribution BioWatch monitors air samples frequently in major urban cities nationwide

What is Being Done Today: Emerging Technologies Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency (HSARPA) University-based partnerships

What is Being Done Today: Emerging Technologies ITS methods and technologies and enhancements for: Tracking of hazmats and other weapons/targets System Security against terrorist interference

What is Being Done Today: Funding Congressional Funding: $19.8 billion in FY03 $31.2 billion in FY04 $40.2 billion in FY05 Is this enough? If not, from where will the money come?

9/11 Commission Report: Key Finding “Lack of Imagination” by people and organizations with responsibility for public safety and security

9/11 Commission Report Findings “Fighting terrorism was not a high priority” Capabilities of Intelligence, Defense and other agencies were constrained by antiquated and ineffective policies and processes Inefficient management of government: “The enemy made mistakes; our government wasn’t able to capitalize on them.”

9/11 Commission Report Recommendations DHS should develop an integrated plan to focus resources in a manner to best protect all the transportation modes Seek improvements in technologies with applications across transportation modes Standardize equipment, data, processes

Pending Congressional Legislation 9/11 Commission Report Implementation Act of 2004

Pending Congressional Legislation Fifty other bills related to “Transportation Security” including: Intermodal Shipping Container Security Act (S.2297.IS) Rail Security Act of 2004 (S.2273.RS) Safe TRAINS Act (H.R.4361.IH) Rail Transit Security and Safety Act of 2004 (H.R.4476.IH) Public Transportation Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (S.2453.RS/H.5082)

Emerging Issue #1: Over-Reliance on Technology Technology can only go so far; must address Process Process improvements include: “Layered” security throughout the system Employee duties adapted for security Companies securing their supply chains Interoperability of systems Standards, protocols, interfaces are very critical!

Emerging Issue #2: Increasing Reluctance to Share Information and Best Practices Notion that security-related projects must be kept secret, even among peers and colleagues, for fear of information falling into the “wrong hands” (or those of a competitor) Need to find a way to exchange knowledge or we risk unnecessary duplication of effort--or worse To “win the war” we need to find ways to communicate with each other on the “battlefield”! (e.g., case of agency not providing information on communications and power systems to vendors bidding on video surveillance system due to their determination that such information was “security-sensitive”)

Emerging Issue #3: Who’s paying for all this security? Partnership between government, private sector and users

Contributors and Reviewers Donald Estes, Sonalysts, Inc. Ric Finn, Sonalysts, Inc. George Kovatch, Kovatch Consulting Ronald S. Libengood, CPP, Securacomm, Inc. Tom McPherson, Sonalysts, Inc. William C. Nicholson, Widener University School of Law Pete Sklannik, Jr., Chief Operating Officer, Trinity Railway Express