Responder Advanced Education: Is it needed? Utah National Academy Alumni Conference, October 2010 Vincent J. Doherty, Director for Program Outreach Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 1

Do you believe in miracles? Definition: A miracle is an unexpected event attributed to divine intervention. A miracle is sometimes thought of as a perceptible interruption of the laws of nature 2

If you safe a life, you have changed the WORLD! 3

Question Can we and should we educate our Leaders and future Leaders? -or- Should we allow our leaders to just rely on their experience and training? 4

Training vs. Education ? What’s the difference ? 5

6 Why Educate? Get that piece of paper! Respect for our opinions! Critical thinking! Leadership!

Responder Disciplines Law Enforcement Fire EMS Emergency Management Public Health Military 7

"On May 1 in Times Square, we were all reminded once again of the very real threats our city faces every day…. As first responders, FDNY members are on the front line, defending New York City from terrorist attacks. The Department's participation in the West Point Counterterrorism Leadership Program is part of our commitment to always be prepared to combat these terrorist threats.” FDNY Commissioner Sal Cassano 8

If you decided YES to education, Then how would you do it?

"I have never let my schooling interfere with my education." -- Mark Twain 10

GRADUATE EDUCATION for HOMELAND DEFENSE AND SECURITY

12 CHDS Purpose CHDS established in 2002 to: –Provide a neutral educational forum for leaders to come together in an intergovernmental multi- disciplinary group to discuss and debate HS –Develop programs that are heavily evaluated to ensure local, state, tribal and federal leaders drive educational offerings and evolution of content –Create “multiplier effect” to maximize federal investment – share program content, research and resources with organizations across the nation to build national preparedness through education

13 Master’s Degree Program Students are current and “fast rising” local, state, tribal and federal leaders from all HS disciplines; integration of leaders in classroom mirrors HS across nation –“One of a kind” learning atmosphere –Breaks down stovepipes –Builds lasting national culture & professional networks 160 students enrolled; 5 simultaneous cohorts (3 in Monterey, CA and 2 in the National Capital Region) DHS officials participate as part of DHS Homeland Security Academy More than 350 alumni; graduating 3 cohorts per year Students in-residence two weeks each Academic Quarter during 18-month program (total of 12.5 weeks) Remainder of coursework completed via cutting edge distance learning

14 Master of Arts in Security Studies: Homeland Security and Defense The average student profile The location The schedule The format The application The thesis The cost The outcome

15 MA Curriculum Content Introduction to Homeland Security Unconventional Threat in HS Critical Infrastructure – Vulnerability Analysis and Protection Risk Communication – Psychology of Terrorism and Fear Management (Stanford) Intelligence for HD/S: Organizational and Policy Challenges Homeland Defense and Security: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Public Health, Law Enforcement, Defense, Fire, etc) Technology Management for HD/S Special Topics in HS (WMD, Agro-terrorism, Financing of Terrorism, Public Health, Borders and Immigration, etc) Strategic Planning and Budgeting for HD/S Policy Analysis and Research Methods Comparative Government: HS Policy Implications for the U.S. Knowledge into Practice: A Homeland Security Capstone Course

16 MA Student Research Research papers and theses on actual policy development issues confronting local, state, tribal and federal government; many theses are being implemented around the country and are cited as “best practices” MA thesis provides student Sponsors with a “twofer” –Low-cost, high quality research completed on priority Sponsor topics (many graduates implement their thesis) –Creates national Subject Matter Experts

17 HS Research: Thesis Impact “Radio Interoperability: Addressing the Real Reasons We Don't Communicate Well During Emergencies,” (Ronald Timmons) “Homeland Security and Capabilities-Based Planning: Improving National Preparedness,” the Netherlands is adopting approach and asked author to visit and advise them (Sharon Caudle) “Interagency Collaboration Challenges Among Homeland Security Disciplines in Urban Areas,” (Jay Hagen) “Enhancing Homeland Security Efforts by Building Stronger Relationships between the Muslim Community and Local Law Enforcement,” St. Paul, MN granted $250,000 to implement policy (Dennis Jensen) “A Case Study of Intelligence Infrastructure Created by Executive Order,” led to Cabinet/Gov-level reorganization in state of Utah; creation of Utah Criminal Intelligence Center (Bob Flowers) “U.S. Coast Guard Reorganization: Why Merging the Field Units is Not Enough to Remain Semper Paratus (Always Ready),” assisted creation of USCG Field Intelligence Support Teams (Larry Green) “Implementing Maritime Domain Awareness,” implemented as MDA Policy in USN and USCG; used as basis of National Maritime Security Strategy (Robert Watts)

18 Alumni Alumni of the Master’s and Executive Leaders Programs are leaders responsible for the policies, strategies and organizations that constitute our nation’s HS system Alumni Association is a national “think tank” supporting the development and revision of HS policies and strategies as well the expansion of the HS knowledge base through on-going research, discussion and debate Distinguished Graduate Fellowship - Provides selected Fellows opportunity to serve at DHS for one year; DHS benefits from broad state and local perspectives that Fellows represent; state and local governments benefit from national perspective and DHS programmatic knowledge that Fellows bring back to their agencies

19 Statistics As of Fall 2010:505 Total students enrolled:149 Total Alumni Graduated:358 Leading States:CA (45), NY (45), FL (19), WA (17)

20 Statistics: Disciplines State & Locals:61.2% Federal:20.8% Military:18.2% Law Enforcement:22.0% Fire/EMS:15.5% Emergency Management:10.9% Public Health: 6.7% Health Care:0.4%

21 Questions? Vincent J. Doherty Director for Program Outreach Center for Homeland Defense and Security Naval Postgraduate School

The World Trade Center, NYC

16 acre site on lower west side Hudson River waters inundated the original site Create a bathtub with “slurry wall”

Facts - I  WTC Complex:Consist of Seven Buildings  Owner: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey  Architect:Minoru Yamasaki & Associates  Engineer:John Skilling & Les Robertson, based in Seattle  Contractor:Tishman Construction Company  Ground Breaking:August 5 th, 1966  Opened:April 4 th, 1973

Facts - II  Dimensions: 200 feet Tower sides.  Total area : 12 million square feet, 40,000 sq ft per floor  Height: 110 stories high, 1368 and 1362 feet. (417 and 415 meters).  Elevators: 239 elevators and 71 escalators  Earth work: 1.2 million cubic yards were excavated

Facts - III  Steel:200,000 tons  Concrete:425,000 cubic yards  Windows:43,600 windows 600,000 sq ft of glass  Cooling:60,000 tons of cooling capacity  Antenna:360 feet high  Capacity:50,000 Employees

Center Core & Outer Wall Steel Tube construction 219’x219’ footprint 59 outer columns /side support 40% of weight 47 heavier interior columns support 60% Lightweight steel cord trusses 6 levels below grade (72’)

WTC Superstructure

Light weight steel bar joist

Setting the Stage: 26 February :18 PM Normal box for a transformer vault Garage Doors taken Within 3 minutes calls deluged Fire dispatcher All 5 borough dispatch stations involved First “Borough Call” in 15 years 105 FF’s injured; 5 admitted to Hospitals Result was a “110 story smokestake”

The Bombing and the Aftermath Six Fatalities 1,042 injuries Collapse of subgrade concrete slabs Approximately 2,500 tons of debris covering the refrigeration plant Severe smoke and soot conditions throughout the complex (towers) Four of eight electrical feeders taken out (eight total)

The Bombing and The Aftermath Loss of PA Security Desk Loss of operations control center, Fire alarm system, elevator controls and two way communications system Loss of automatic smoke control system Loss of automatic sprinkler control system Loss of standpipe system ~ 2 million gallons of water in B-6 area ~ 500 trap occupants in elevators Fire stairwell doors stuck open

The Bombing and the Aftermath The largest FDNY response to date 174 ambulances (NYC EMS), 12 volunteer ambulances, 49 commercial ambulances, 69 units Hundreds of gov’t and private vehicles Massive temporary relocations of tenants In toll there were 50,000 + Restoration cost: $250,000,000

Technology enhancements 1600 emergency lighting 2 nd backup generators Additional feeder routed from NJ through Path Tunnel Phosphorescent signs in stairwell for reentry floors 6 satellite control stations manned by Fire Safety directors Evacuations chairs available on floors New Radiax cables and antennas install for FDNY comm’s Cellular phones issued to fire wardens Delta Barriers installed for parking garages Access control ID’s

Technology Enhancements Full compliance to LL 5 Mobile Command post Hi-rise fire safety courses for building employees Hi-rise Fire Command and Management Courses

Target Twin Towers, #1 & #2 16 acre site Site of prior terrorist attack in story, steel office towers Peak Occupancy –50,000 people

Weapons Boeing 767 with 10,000 gals. of fuel –Oklahoma Bomb - ~350 lbs. 156’ wingspan 147 passengers 92 on board aircraft striking North tower 55 on board aircraft striking South tower

AA Flight 11 Boston to LAX Hit the North Tower at 8:45 AM United Flight 175 Boston to LAX Hit the South Tower at 9:03 AM

Flight Paths of Attack

UAL Flight 175 Hitting South TowerAA Flight 11 Hit the North Tower

Satellite Photo of NY & NJ Smoke from Burning Towers

South Tower Blast

From Brooklyn Bridge From Empire State Building

Falling Bodies

FDNY-NYPD-EMS-PAPD

NYPD ESU Helicopter

Do You Believe in Miracles Captain Jay Jonas Ladder Company 6 China Town

The First Night: Crescent vs Cross

Miracles Jay Jonas Wotruba Jack Fanning John Crisci