Aviation Department 02 - 2009 © DWD......Preconditions for the development of mountain waves General weather conditions Surface –anticyclonal curve of.

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Presentation transcript:

Aviation Department © DWD......Preconditions for the development of mountain waves General weather conditions Surface –anticyclonal curve of the isobars on the edge of a high pressure area (  inversion between 1500 and 2500 m) –Gradient of wind  36 km/h –Weak frontal system in parallel to the isobars (  increase of wind with the height constant wind direction)

Aviation Department © DWD Mountain Waves © Copyright: Bernhard Mühr

Aviation Department © DWD Kinds of waves Mountain Waves –Obstacles for the undisturbed airstream are hills or mountains Shear waves –Caused by vertical or horizontal wind shear Thermal waves –Obstacle is a thermal updraft

Aviation Department © DWD Preconditions for the development of mountain waves Topographical Conditions –Mountain ridge located diagonally to the wind direction (deviation of the wind direction max. +/- 30º from the perpendicular direction) Vertical profile of temperature –stable layer of air mass at and above the height of the mountain ridges Vertical profil of wind –Perpendicular components kt –Linear increase of wind with the height (min. constancy)

Aviation Department © DWD Preconditions for the development of mountain waves General weather conditions Higher levels –anticyclonal flank of the yet stream –Constant wind direction above mountain level –Wind speed at 500 hPa level: km/h –Wind speed at 300 hPa level: km/h –Narrow trough (SW-stream at the front of a trough)

Aviation Department © DWD Yearly statistic of days with mountain waves In Europe

Aviation Department © DWD Ideal Mountain Wave

Aviation Department © DWD Vertical profile of the Wind speed and there effect on the air stream a.laminar air stream b.standing eddy c.mountain wave stream d.rotor stream e.Rotor stream

Aviation Department © DWD Influence of the profiles of obstacles on the development of waves (Wallington ) to short to long ideal obstacle to long despite height ideal chain of obstacles with resonance effects = wave length

Aviation Department © DWD Possibilities to forecast mountain waves Surface weather forecast charts, upper level forecast charts (500 und 300 hPa) Lester-Harrison-Nomogram Analysis of TEMPs: –Vertical profile –Scorer parameter Direct model output (SkyView, SkyView LMK)

Aviation Department © DWD LME 7 kmGME 40 km LMK 2.8 km The operational model chain of DWD, consisting of GME, LME und LMK

Aviation Department © DWD 2,8 km grid 40 km grid DWD – model LMK

Aviation Department © DWD Forecast of vertical movement with LMK m NN Thüringer WaldErzgebirge

Aviation Department © DWD Example of : Harz` wave up to 5000 m more than 100 wave flights in the NW part of Germany

Aviation Department © DWD Example 21 November 2006: Max. altitude Riesengebirge up to 7000 m 500 km out and return flight Klix- Riesengebirge and back home

Aviation Department © DWD Cross section of the Riesengebirge 16 November 2007

Aviation Department © DWD Thermal Waves

Aviation Department © DWD The cumulus wave

Aviation Department © DWD The cloud street wave

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