Basic Concept of Gender

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Sex Gender Biological differences between men and women. Not vary with race, caste, class, ethnicity, religion, and time. Women’s ability to give birth, breast feed. Gender Social differences between men and women Manifested in different roles, qualities and behaviors of women, men and society as a whole. Vary with race, caste, class, ethnicity, religion, relation position, situations, age, time. Vary with situations, the same person may behave differently in different contexts. 3

Gender roles Refers to socially differentiated roles of men and women Gender roles can be changed easily through sensitization of women and men. Productive Role Reproductive role Community Role

Gender roles Double Day Triple Role Women’s

Gender Needs Practical gender needs (PGN): Related to immediate needs of living, such as food, drinking water, health care and medical support. Strategic gender needs (SGN): Related to gender divisions of labor, equal wages, resources and education, and women’s control over their bodies. Necessary to encompass social and political reforms for ensuring power and control, legal rights, reduce domestic violence, . These measures are seen as relatively long-term objectives.

Gender Equality and Equity Gender Equality VS Gender Equity Gender Equality Gender Equity

Gender sensitization tools

Tool-1: Gender Equity Analysis Education Asset Control Right Power Inequity Equity Education Asset Control Right Power Inequity

Tool-2: Access -Control Analysis MEN WOMEN Access Cows Grass Money Land Feed Milk Control Asset Red = Low Yellow = Moderate Green = High

Access Control Availability- can own Asset Handiness- Able to use when required Control Authority/Autonomy- Right or permission or liberty to use the asset (Sell) Decision making- power to make decisions within the household and community Command- Access power to direct or regulate resource ability to use effectively Power- to influence or direct people’s behavior or the course of events.

Tool-3: Time Meter Tool

Tool-4: Barrier Tree Analysis Effect Root Stem Branches Barrier Causes

Control over asset, income Institutions, ideology Four Major Women Barriers Workload Control over asset, income Institutions, ideology Mobility

Women’s Empowerment Framework (CARE Framework)

Women’s Empowerment in Programming CARE defines WE as the combined effect of changes in:

x + CARE’S Women’s Empowerment : Theory of Change Women will be empowered by: Exercise of greater choice in decisions affecting their lives Strong Social Movements based on solidarity between men and women Reduce violence against women x +