Europe ART OF THE LATER 19 TH CENTURY

PURPOSE OF ART IN EUROPE Paint contemporary world Present more personal, expressive view of life Impressionist regard for light and its effect on color more intense color

POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post-Impressionism: the French art movement that immediately followed Impressionism Artists show greater concern for structure and form

PAUL CÉZANNE: HIS TECHNIQUE apply colors in small, flat patches side-by-side so that each represented a separate plane To make objects look more three- dimensional, he used: cool colors and warm colors sought weight and solidity in still lifes, landscapes and portraits

STILL LIFE WITH PEPPERMINT BOTTLE flat blue tones to show depth Straight lines contrasted with curved lines to add variety

CÉZANNE’S LANDSCAPES Inspired Cubism Pines and Rocks (Fontainebleau? ) small brush strokes to suggest form of the rock cubes of color for foliage

VINCENT VAN GOGH: HIS TRADE-MARK STYLE bright colors twisting lines (distortion) bold brushstrokes thick application of paint Painted what he felt

VINCENT VAN GOGH: HIS PAINTING BACKGROUND Early: painted in browns and other blah colors showed peasants in daily routines After meeting Impressionists, added color and used small, short brushstrokes Influenced the Fauves and the Expressionists

The Potato Eaters

Bedroom at Arles

THE STARRY NIGHT (A REFLECTION OF AN OPTIMISTIC VIEW OF DEATH)

PAUL GAUGIN Spirit of the Dead Watching exotic subject matter in three- dimensional form flat areas of bright colors combined w/forms that look round & solid shapes arranged in flat pattern Influenced groups of primitive artists & American Abstract Expressionists

AMERICA IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY

PHILANTHROPY ON THE RISE Active effort to promote human welfare = Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan funnel riches into schools, colleges, & museums. Changes in American Art Self-taught artists roamed from village to village Other artists studied in the art centers of Europe some stayed and became part of the European art movement some returned to U.S. to develop American art styles

WINSLOW HOMER The Fog Warning Different values separate the sea, the sky, and the fog Dramatic use of line: contrasting lines diagonal axis lines of the dory and portions of the windblown fog

horizontal contour lines of oars, boat seats, horizon, and fog bank

THOMAS EAKINS Studied with Neoclassicists and influenced by Courbet’s realism Earlier Masters influenced him: Velazquez, Hals, and Rembrandt Rembrandt: use of light and dark values to create solid, round, life-like figures Favorite subject matter: people and themes of Philadelphia Painted only what he saw.

The Gross Clinic attention to detail: intense study of anatomy by dissection portrayal of figures in space

ALBERT PINKHAM RYDER Inspired by: the Bible, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and 19 th Century Romantic writers within himself (he was a hermit) Emphasis on Color and Texture small pictures built up until forms nearly 3- dimensional paints of poor quality and/or applied improperly = colors have faded

JONAHJONAH

FLYINGDUTCHMANFLYINGDUTCHMAN

AFRICAN AMERICAN ARTISTS

EDWARD MITCHELL BANISTER First African American painter to win a major award at an important exhibition. Preferences for romantic interpretations of nature (land or sea) also painted portraits and other subjects

The Newspaper Boy

HENRY TANNER Most famous African-American artist of late 19 th, early 20 th centuries From a family of high achievers Father = a Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church Mother = founded one of the 1st black women’s organizations in U.S. Sister: one of the first women doctors in Alabama Studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts with Eakins

HENRY TANNER (CONT.) Eakins convinced Tanner to turn from landscapes to genre scenes The Banjo Lesson simplicity

Changed to Biblical subjects and moved to Paris Daniel in the Lion’s Den

EDMONIA LEWIS Chippewa and African-American from Ohio Sculptor: Marble carving Popular until demand for bronze sculpture grew

Forever Free A celebration of the 13 th Amendment