 Both works focus on meaning and purpose. ◦ Literary Response develops meaning and purpose through a discussion of the connection between literary elements (character, plot, setting, theme, etc.) and meaning and purpose. ◦ Style Analysis develops meaning and purpose through a discussion of the connection between writer’s style (diction, details, syntax, language, etc.) and purpose and meaning. ◦ Keep in mind …  A discussion of elements and style will most likely overlap in both writings.

 Option #1 ◦ Do no lead with the literature. ◦ Present the theme of the essay. ◦ End with a thesis that identifies the literature, the author, and the purpose of the paper. ◦ (Student Sample) A sense of uneasiness in humans is often an unavoidable part of life. Many times, this sense of anxiety can lead to overwhelming feelings of unrest. This human condition of concern and restlessness is presented in a passage in the chapter “Painted Faces and Long Hair” in the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding.

 Option #1 (Student Sample)  Man’s relationship with nature must be one of respect. When in conflict with nature, however, man must sometimes choose between his desire to respect nature and his need to protect himself and those for whom he is a guardian. In “The Rattler,” the author conveys not only a feeling of remorse but also a feeling of resignation.

 Option #2: (Student Sample)  The author’s techniques used in “The Rattler” convey not only a feeling of sadness and remorse but also a sense of the man’s acceptance of the snake’s impending death. A human being has confronted nature, and in order for him to survive, the snake must be killed. The reader feels sympathy for the man’s plight and a reluctant agreement with him for his decision.  Focus is on the text and the purpose of the essay. ◦ Reference to Author’s Techniques to develop tone.  Specific techniques are not mentioned but can be and are sometimes recommended.  The author’s use of diction and point of view in “The Rattler” convey …. ◦ Summary statement ◦ Reader’s response

 Option #2 ◦ (Plot) Summary sentence focusing the reader on the scene. ◦ (Analysis/Thesis) Two or more sentences that connect the scene to meaning and clearly focus on the purpose of the essay.  In Book 24 of The Odyssey, Odysseus is reunited with his son, Telemachus, who is now a young man. As father and King, Odysseus expects his son to acquiesce and to abide by the rules he establishes. In contrast to Odysseus’ assumptions, Telemachus confronts his father as a strong contender and a potential leader.

 Find examples in the text. ◦ (Example)What words in the quote prove your point? Always consider diction. ◦ (Analysis)What is significant about the quote? Explain the connotation of each key word or phrase. Consider the quote’s effect on elements of plot, characterization or theme.

 “Soon enough, father,” his gallant son replied. “You’ll sense the courage inside me, that I know - I’m hardly a flighty, weak-willed boy these days.”

 Thesis: In contrast to Odysseus’ assumptions, Telemachus confronts his father as a strong contender and a potential leader.  In this passage, Telemachus speaks with pride and new-found confidence, proclaiming himself a man along-side his father. “Soon enough,” Telemachus declares, confirming his belief in himself. He wants his father to know that he is unafraid of the suitors and that his courage will show itself before long. While Telemachus’ words suggest time, they do not show hesitation; instead, they assert what will be. The narrator affirms Telemachus’ voice as he describes Telemachus as “gallant.” This connection to chivalry likens Telemachus in stature to his heroic father. That Telemachus is ready to stand as an equal to his father is made clear to Odysseus, as well as to the reader.

 Notice the similarity to the previous paragraph. ◦ Remember: it is not what you say, but HOW you say it that guides your reader.  Through diction, Homer stresses Telemachus’ new- found confidence, proclaiming himself a man along- side his father. “Soon enough” confirms Telemachus’ belief in himself. He wants his father to know that he is unafraid of the suitors and that his courage will show itself before long. While Telemachus’ words suggest time, they do not show hesitation; instead, they assert what will be. …

 By addressing the well bred women in her novel, Austen declares her discontent with what her society wants in women. The author presents the character Miss Bingley, who seems to possess a “thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing …” all qualities that are favored by her society; yet, Austen purposely creates Miss Bingley as a proud, rude, and unfriendly lady. Austen does so to demonstrate how being accomplished does not necessarily guarantee a friendly, good character, nor does it guarantee a husband, as evidenced by the fact that Mr. Darcy, the man at whom Miss Bingley has aimed her affections is clearly not attracted to Miss Bingley, despite her noted social skills. Later on, Austen criticizes these “accomplished” women once again through the inconsiderate and hypocritical Lady Catherine.

 Random Example: ◦ Very Weak:  This part of the passage states a sense of brightness in contrast to the storm that has subsided. With the sky being lit by the stars, it gives off a light where hope and a new beginning is shown. ◦ Much Improved:  The brightness of the heavens is in contrast to the storm that has subsided. The sky is lit by the stars, illuminating the shore, offering hope and a new beginning.