Govt. of Tamilnadu Department of School Education Bridge Course Class VII -Science

I TO III.FOOD FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES

Food groups Carbohydrates (eg cereals) Protein-rich foods (eg pulses) Fats and oils Micronutrient-rich foods (eg vegetables) Milk WATER?SALT?

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Vitamin A Rich Food

Vitamin B Rich Food

Vitamin C Rich Food

Vitamin D Rich Food

Vitamin E Rich Food

Vitamin K Rich Food

Minerals Rich Food

Food Pyramid

Nutritional deficiency diseases - Goitre and Marasmus Diseases

Nutritional deficiency diseases -kwashiorkor and Rickettes

Follow this chart to avoid diseases

IV.Acids and bases

Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water þ Produce a negative ion (-) too þ Taste sour þ Corrode metals þ React with bases to form salts and water

Bases Produce OH - ions in water Taste bitter, chalky Are electrolytes Feel soapy, slippery React with acids to form salts and water

Learning Check Describe the solution in each of the following as: 1) acid 2) base or 3)neutral. A. ___soda B. ___soap C. ___coffee D. ___ wine E. ___ water F. ___ grapefruit

Solution Describe each solution as: 1) acid 2) base or 3) neutral. A. _1_ soda B. _2_ soap C. _1_ coffee D. _1_ wine E. _3_ water F. _1_ grapefruit

Learning Check Identify each as characteristic of an A) acid or B) base ____ 1. Sour taste ____ 2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions ____ 3. Chalky taste ____ 4. Is an electrolyte ____ 5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions

Solution Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base _A_ 1. Sour taste _B_ 2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions _B_ 3. Chalky taste A, B 4. Is an electrolyte _A_ 5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions

Some Common Acids HCl hydrochloric acid HNO 3 nitric acid H 3 PO 4 phosphor ic acid H 2 SO 4 sulfur ic acid CH 3 COOH acet ic acid

Some Common Bases NaOHsodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 ________________________ Mg(OH) 2 ________________________ Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide

Learning Check Match the formulas with the names: A. ___ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. ___Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HCl4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

Solution Match the formulas with the names: A. _4__ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. _5__Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. _2__H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. _1__HCl4) nitrous acid E. _3__NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

Learning Check Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 _______________________ KOH_______________________ Ba(OH) 2 ______ _________________ HBr_______________________ H 2 SO 4 ________________________

Solution Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 saltcalcium chloride KOHbasepotassiuim hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 basebarium hydroxide HBracidhydrobromic acid H 2 SO 4 acidsulfuric acid

Acid base properties Acids are hydrogen ion (H +) donors Bases are hydrogen ion (H + ) acceptors HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl - donor acceptor + - +

V & VI.TYPES OF TISSUES AND CELL STRUCTURE

PARENCHYCHYMA CELLS - Living cells

ARENCHYMA CELLS - Present in spongy portions, leaves, soft portions of plants.

COLLENCHYMA CELLS - Present in petiole part of leaves.

SCLERENCHYMA CELLS -Dead cells -Present in hard portions like seed coat.

*XYLEM AND **PHLOEM -*Complex tissue; water conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings. ** Complex tissue; food conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings

*PLANT AND **ANIMAL CELLS * cell membrane absent, large vacuole chloroplast present **cell membrane present chloroplast absent.

VII.Ecosystem

What is a Population? A population is one species living in a specific area. For example, all foxes living in an area form a population. Another example, all dandelions growing in an area form another population.

What is a Community? A community is formed from all living populations found in an area. All the foxes, dandelions, grasshoppers, snakes, hawks, deer, and skunks living in one area each form their individual populations, but together make up a community.

What is a Ecosystem? An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living and non-living things How do living and non-living things interact in an environment?

What is Ecology? Ecology is how living and non-living things affect each other in their environment. We have already named several living things found in a community. Can you name non-living things in your community?

Non-living parts of your community Buildings Roads Bodies of water Automobiles Traffic lights

How non-living and living things affect each other Building more homes drives many animals out of their natural habitats or communities. Littering can destroy an animals habitat. Air pollution from automobiles and factories will affect the quality of life for all living things in a community, including people.

Writing Activity Write a paragraph about the effects that living and non-living things have on each other. Include three facts from this presentation and one fact that you discovered on your own.