Disability Service, Co-production and the Nonprofit Development in Authoritarian China Ting ZHAO

Research Questions How the Disabled Persons’ Federation (DPF) collaborates with nonprofit agencies to deliver services for the disabled? What is the role and function of the nonprofit agencies /DPF in the co-production?

Theoretical Perspective Government-NPO Relationship The influence of government funding for the NPO Negative ( Lipsky and Smith 1990,Reiner 1989, Bernstein 1991) Positive (Kramer1981,Salam1995) NPO Development in Authoritarian China Professionalization stage ( Korten David 1990, Tuan Yang 2002, TCK Tong 2009)

Research Method Case study Fieldwork in June2014, November2014, January2015. Data collection Intensive interviews: government officials (7), nonprofit leader and program manager (9), the disabled Participatory observation Various documents

Case Description( ) The traditional way of providing service for the disabled has been challenged with the increasing demand of the disabled. W district in Northern part of Shanghai The innovation of social service system for the disabled begins in To reform the 12 community organizations into nonprofit agencies, establish several local nonprofit agencies and bring in nonprofit agencies(mostly support NPO) from other parts of Shanghai/China.

Traditional Disability Service System

Disability Service System

Two types of NPO: Service Providing / Operating NPO Support NPO (L David Brown 2002, Alan J. Abramson, Rachel McCarthy 2012) data source: year 2015 Type of NPONo. Operating NPO15(12) Support NPO2 Total17

Program: Rehabilitation Service

Employment Service

Service for the Family

Consultation Meeting

How They Collaborate? YearNo. of Programs Funding (ten thousand RMB ） Increasing Rate of the Funding( ％） / Total/Average123/ / /282.0

How They Collaborate?(continue) From the resources perspective: DPF provides funds for the NPOs. DPF shares its traditional service network/social capital with NPOs in service delivery. DPF provides professional training/ guidance and various learning opportunities for the NPO. NPO designs a detailed implementation plan of the program according to DPF’s service goal. NPO conducts the service delivery. NPO recruits social workers with the funding from DPF.

How They Collaborate?(continue) From the power share perspective CASE DPF receives criticisms and advices from the service providing NPO by creating and funding various programs, which quickly responds to the social needs of the disabled. The service providing NPO only functions as communicator, not as participatory actor in the policy process.

How They Collaborate?(continue) From the power share perspective CASE 1 service criteria and program evaluation criteria making CASE 2 social service market cultivation and promotion The support nonprofit organizations have been engaged in the policy process, but mainly in the policy implementation rather than the policy making.

Discussion and Conclusion The Role of NPO The role of different types of NPO is different. The service providing NPOs haven’t been engaged in the policy process while the support NPOs have been engaged, mainly in the policy implementation rather than the policy making.

DPF’s Role and NPO’s Professional Development With the professional help from the support NPOs, the DPF is promoting the development of service providing NPOs, which constitutes the fundamental condition of successful co-production. Social service NPOs in the disability area is in its professionalization, in terms of service delivery, program management, and internal board governance, etc.

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