What goes in must come out… Undigestible food, bile (bilirubin), dead cells, bacteria = What about dietary fluids? What about cellular wastes? What picks up cellular wastes (think transport)? Snakes don’t micturate, so why do we? What other system helps clean fluids leaking from blood? How is blood cleaned? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

___________ (digestive or metabolic?) ___________ (loss of > than a “big slam”/day What are sources for the other 40% lost daily? ___________________ What other mechanism(s) can regulate pH? ___________________ ________________________________… remember erythropoeitin? What are the functions of the Urinary system? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Main organs: Pair of ____________ (nephros or renal) For review: ? ? ? ? ? What are the main organs of the Urinary system? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Gross anatomy! BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

____________ = tubes carrying urine to bladder ____________ = storage organ for urine ____________ = tube for urine to exit body “Plumbing” differs between genders. From the kidneys down to the urinary bladder anatomy is the same. However, the ________ are different. What else is there besides kidneys? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Take 5!!! Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder that typically results from infections, and urinary bladder infections often occur when bacteria from outside the body enter the bladder. Are males or females more prone to urinary bladder infections? Why? What medical procedure/intervention can lead to cystitis? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Location: Size: Surrounded by connective tissue (__________) Protected by renal fat pad (__________) Where can one find a kidney? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

__________ = entrance/exit __________ = expanded area of ureters __________ = branches or funnels __________ = bumps or “teats” __________ = area of medulla What are the anatomical details of the kidney? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Nephrons = __________ per kidney (1,300,000) ____________ can maintain life _________ will follow without medical intervention Flow chart: What are the anatomical details of the kidney? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What are the anatomical details of the kidney? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Renal corpuscle = Bowman’s capsule = Where does filtration take place? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Filtration membrane = __________ = openings that allow water and small molecules to pass through easily __________ = cells that surround glomerulus; have filtration slits Where does filtration take place? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Take 5!!! Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer. Hemoglobin has a smaller diameter than albumin, but very little hemoglobin passes from the blood into the filtrate. Explain why. Under what circumstances would large amounts of hemoglobin enter the filtrate? BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What is the route of blood flow through the kidney? Characterize blood entering & exiting the kidney. More branches form interlobar and interlobular a. Blood enters via renal artery at the renal hilum. Artery branches towards renal papillae. BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What is the route of blood flow through the kidney? Afferent arteriole to glomerulus to Efferent arteriole to peritubular capillaries to vasa recta, then back out BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What is the route of blood flow through the kidney? Drains into the interlobular veins eventually into interlobar veins and then eventually into Renal vein BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Stratified & Stretchy Contract = What other anatomy is significant? Transitional epithelium lines the _______ & ____________ BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II