The Great 28 Elements Notes By Miss Cole

Hydrogen Most abundant element in the universe Colorless, highly flammable gas Hindenburg disaster (1937) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK4pycNHwg8 Lightest gas

Helium Gas Used in electric light bulbs and fluorescent tubes Helium balloons

Carbon Latin word “carbo” meaning “charcoal” Makes: Graphite, diamond, fossil fuels, petroleum, gasoline, CO2 In all living things Non-metal

Nitrogen Makes up 3/4 of air Needed for plant growth Fertilizers Rocket Fuel Gunpowder

Oxygen 21% of the atmosphere Found in water and most rocks/minerals Combines with all elements except inert gases Animals need it to live/breath

Sodium Metallic Reacts explosively with water http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92Mfric7JUc Found in salt Symbol from latin “natrium” a salt found in nature.

Magnesium Burns with a white flame Solid Second most common element Abundant in nature 8th most abundant in the Earth’s crust http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7rFtNMhG8Q

Aluminum Ductile- able to be shaped without breaking Found in Earth’s crust but only mixed with other elements Makes cans/foil

Silicon Found in Earth’s crust Silica/silicates Glass, concrete, bricks, pottery, old implants

Phosphorus Highly reactive Poisonous Solid Allotropy- many forms, same state (white, red, black) Pyrotechnics, bombs, fertilizers, detergents

Sulfur *correct spelling Pale yellow Rotten egg smell Fireworks Batteries Insecticides

Chlorine Green/yellow gas Used to clean water, bleaches Mustard gas used in WWI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8DH0YtRQMc&list=PL5FD323B65AE6B02B

Potassium Symbol “K” from Latin word “Kalium” (which means potash) Metal Soaps Found in foods and our body needs it. Ex: bananas, white beans, spinach apricots, salmon

Calcium Basic part of most animals/plants Only found in living things Dairy products Bones and teeth do not form well without it

Chromium Steel-gray metallic element Used to make stainless steel

Manganese Used in steel Naturally magnetic

Iron Atomic symbol from the word “Ferrum” which means iron. Rusts easily Most used metal Transports oxygen in the body (blood)

Cobalt From German word meaning “evil spirit” bc it was poisonous Makes blue glass Ceramic pigments

Nickel Coins in the U.S/Canada From german word “kupfernickel” meaning “devil’s copper” because it looked valuable but is not copper Burglar-proof vaults

Copper MALLEABLE- able to be shaped or bent Reddish-brown color metal Conducts heat Tubing, pipes, wires, coins MALLEABLE- able to be shaped or bent

Zinc Bluish-white metal Used to form many ALLOYS- mixture of metals Treat rashes gutters

Silver Highest thermal and electrical CONDUCTIVITY of metals (ability to pass something on) Latin word “argentum” meaning silver Jewelry, silverware, fancy serving dishes

Tin Coats other metals to prevent corrosion Latin word “stannum” for tin Coats steel cans

Iodine Medical tracer Dyes Table salt (iodized salt) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NxvP0B1h9M

Gold Latin word “Aurum” meaning gold Most malleable and ductile metal Precious metal currency, coins, jewelry, and electronics

Mercury Silvery poisonous metallic liquid at room temperature Hg from Greek for that means water and silver Used in old thermometers Mercury poisoning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzgHr5BE4TU

Lead Latin “plumbum” means lead Plumbing, solder, shielding from radiation Found in ORE-rocks mined because they contain minerals Poisoning from old paint

Uranium RADIOACTIVE- sends out high energy radiation from a nuclear reaction. Nuclear fuels Nuclear weapons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIbACkLU-38