WARM-UP 66 A. During an earthquake, the most violent shaking occurs at the vent focus Ring of Fire epicenter B. The seismic waves that cause the most damage during an earthquake are P waves S waves Surface waves X-rays C. Which of the following describes primary waves created by an earthquake? they cause damage on the surface they cause up-and-down movement in the rock they are the fastest-moving waves they are the slowest-moving waves

A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust. WARM-UP 67 WHAT IS A FAULT? A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust.

Warm-Up # 68 Cinder Cone Shield Composite Cone What are the three basic shapes of volcanos? Cinder Cone Shield Composite Cone

Warm-Up # 69 – What are three factors that affect how violent an eruption will be?

Warm-Up # 69 – What are three factors that affect how violent an eruption will be? 1) Water Vapor: More water vapor = bigger explosion 2) Trapped Gasses How easily the gas escapes determines how violent the explosion Easy escape = quiet eruption Difficult to escape = explosive eruption 3) Magma Type Basaltic Magma = quiet explosion Granitic/Andesitic = violent eruptions

Why does a volcano erupt? WARM – UP #70 Answer the question … Why does a volcano erupt?

WARM – UP #70 The answer is… Two of earth crust plates collide with one plate going under the other plate. The impact causes friction in the earth’s crust. The pressure caused by the friction makes the rocks under the plates melt and help the magma rise.

WARM-Up # 71 What is the difference between chemical weathering and mechanical weathering? During chemical weathering, the substance of the rock physically changes. Mechanical weathering causes a breakdown of rocks without a change in chemical composition.

April 1, 2014 - Tuesday WARM-Up # 72 2. Fault Block Mountains 1.Chemical Weathering 3. Fold Mountains 4. Plateau / Butte

April 2, 2014 - Wednesday WARM-Up # 73 What is Mechanical weathering? Give two examples. Mechanical weathering is the process of breaking down of rock by physical changes. Examples: frost action, actions of plants and animals

What is the difference between erosion and weathering? WARM-Up # 74 What is the difference between erosion and weathering? Weathering involves processes that decompose rocks. Weathering processes occur in place. No movement is involved in weathering. As soon as a rock particle moves, we call it erosion. We call it erosion if the rock particle is moved by some flowing agent such as air, water or ice.

THINK ROCKS & WEATHERING WARM-Up # 75 THINK ROCKS & WEATHERING Prediction: What is ice wedging? When water in cracks in rocks freezes and expands. Prediction: What is abrasion? The action of rocks grinding against each other and wearing away exposed surfaces. Prediction: What is differential weathering? Process by which softer rocks are worn away leaving harder, more weather resistant rocks.

WARM-UP # 76 What is water called that is NOT soaked up by the ground? RUNOFF

Warm-Up # 77 What is the process of weathered materials being moved by wind, water, gravity or ice? EROSION

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF ROCKS? WARM-UP # 78 WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF ROCKS? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

WARM-UP # 79 What is the difference between and extrusive igneous rock and an intrusive igneous rock? How can you tell by looking at them? Give an example of each type.

WARM-UP # 79 Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma makes its way to Earth's surface. AKA volcanics. Extrusive rocks have small crystals. Example: basalt Intrusive igneous rocks form below the Earth’s surface. AKA plutonic. Most intrusive rocks have large, crystals. Example: Granite

What processes can break down a metamorphic rock into sediments? WARM-UP # 80 What processes can break down a metamorphic rock into sediments? Erosion and weathering

How are sedimentary rocks classfied? WARM- UP # 81 How are sedimentary rocks classfied? Sedimentary rocks are classified by their composition and by the manner in which they formed. The three types of sedimentary rocks are Detrital Chemical Organic .