A) Mechanical / Physical weathering:

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Presentation transcript:

A) Mechanical / Physical weathering: Never in isolation Granular disintegration

Frost shattering:

Insolation weathering:

Wetting and drying (slaking):

Exfoliation (spheroidal weathering):

Salt crystal growth:

pressure release - dilation

Organic action:

B) Chemical Weathering: decomposition of minerals so the chemistry of the rock is altered. H2O + CO2 <=> H2CO3 Best in warm, humid conditions

Hydrolysis: H+ ions in water react to give clays. Rocks containing feldspar are particularly vulnerable (eg granite)

Hydration: the absorption of water into the crystal structure can weaken the rock Also a physical process (brown flakes)

Carbonation: H2CO3 + CaCO3 <=> Ca (HCO3)2 Calcium hydrogen carbonate (or calcium bicarbonate) is very soluble in water and so the limestone dissolves

Solution: Some rocks simply dissolve eg halite (rock salt)

Oxidation: Minerals react with oxygen to form oxides or hydroxides eg ‘rusting’, where iron in ferrous form is oxidised into its ferric form

Humic (organic) acid from decaying flora & fauna attack certain minerals Lichens extract iron Chelation:

Rates of weathering depend on: Rock type: quartz is unaffected by solution, hydrolysis and oxidation (sand on a beach)

Rock structure (joints):

Climate: A temperature ‘range’ Water Vegetation