Loads on Structures – Part 1

 Dead loads  Live loads  Dynamic loads  Environmental loads  Other loads

 Relatively constant over time  Weight of structure  Weight of immovable fixtures such as walls, carpets, cabinets, etc.  Aka Permanent loads Dead load

 Temporary, short duration, or moving loads  Dynamic loads, may involve considerations such as impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids, fatigue  Change relatively slowly  Include all forces that are variable within the normal life cycle not including construction or environment Imposed load

 Change value rapidly or abruptly  Gust of wind or dropped object on floor  May be dangerous or catastrophic if they exceed load capacities of structure  Many times the load of a slowly applied force  Can be a static or dynamic load  Period of building oscillations

 Act as a result of: Weather, Typography, Natural phenomena  Wind loads  Snow, rain and ice loads  Seismic loads  Ponding loads  Loads from fluids or floods  Dust loads  Lateral pressure of soil, ground water or bulk materials Live snow load  Temperature changes leading to thermal expansion cause thermal loads

 Support settlement or displacement  Fire  Corrosion  Explosion  Creep or shrinkage  Impact from vehicles or machinery  Loads during construction

  ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. American Society of Civil Engineers pp. 1. ISBN ISBN  "1604.2". International Building Code. USA: International Code Council p ISBN ISBN