AIM: How is the Earth Constantly changing? (PSKI#2) 5/3/13 DO NOW: Answer questions #1-6 on p. 24-25 in your PS ILS Review Book. HOMEWORK: Study for you Preliminary ILS Exam #2 on Monday. LE ILS Flash Cards Due-Monday 5/6

Identify the 4 spheres of the earth. Atmosphere – gas layer Hydrosphere – water layer Lithosphere – rock layer Biosphere – living things

What gases does the atmosphere consist of? 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Carbon dioxide <1% Water vapor What are the major layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Which layer of the atmosphere contains our weather? How does altitude affect air pressure? As altitude increases, the air pressure decreases.

What are the layers of the Earth from the center outward? Core – solid rock Outer core – liquid rock Mantle – mostly liquid rock Crust – upper region solid rock

ILS Question What information did scientists study in order to develop this model? recordings of earthquake waves locations of recent volcanic activity core samples from seafloor drillings fossils found in rocks

ILS Question In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth’s atmosphere? (1) hydrogen, helium, and water vapor (2) hydrogen, methane, and ozone (3) carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen (4) carbon dioxide, methane, and helium Oceans, glaciers, lakes, and rivers are part of Earth’s (1) atmosphere (2) hemisphere (3) hydrosphere (4) lithosphere

What are the properties of minerals? Hardness – the resistance of a mineral to being scratched Luster – shiny of dull Reaction to acid – calcite reacts with HCl acid to produce bubbles and a gas (CO2) What are all rocks made up of? Minerals

How was a sedimentary rock formed? Weathering & eroded sediments cemented together How were Igneous rocks formed? Cooled magma or lava How does Metamorphic rocks form? Pressure & heat applied to rock

How are rocks classified? By how they are formed What are the key words for sedimentary rocks? Weathering Erosion Sediments Cemented

What are the key words for Igneous rocks? Magma Lava Melting Solidification What are the key words for Metamorphic rocks? Heat Pressure Banding

What do fossils indicate? Found only in sedimentary rocks Used to study past climates & environments Describe the law of superposition? Oldest rock layers are on the bottom, youngest rock layers are on top

ILS Question Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to (1) their color (2) their shape (3) how they formed (4) the minerals they contain The diagram below shows a rock sample and an identification key. This rock sample would best be classified as (1) volcanic (3) metamorphic (2) sedimentary (4) igneous

What is weathering? Process that breaks down rocks & minerals Give an example of physical weathering. Frost action Give an example of chemical weathering. Acid rain Rust

What is erosion? Process by which rock or soil is worn away and moved to another place Transport of sediments What is the driving force behind erosion? Gravity What are the agents of erosion? Moving water Wind Glaciers

What are the processes involved in the water cycle? Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff

ILS Question The diagrams below show a natural process that weathers rock. Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering? (1) Frozen water acts as a solute. (2) Water expands when it freezes. (3) The mass of water increases when it freezes. (4) Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks.

ILS Question The diagram below shows the water cycle. Which letter represents the process of evaporation? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D Weathering and erosion of Earth’s crust are primarily caused by (1) gravity (2) volcanic activity (3) evaporation (4) sedimentation