The process of converting sunlight energy into food energy. Photosynthesis The process of converting sunlight energy into food energy.

ENERGY MOLECULES Energy molecules are how the energy from the sunlight is going to get converted into the energy stored in a carbohydrate molecule. ATP, NADPH, ADP & NADP+ are the primary energy molecules of photosynthesis. Energy molecules are cycled (recycled) in the chloroplast.

ATP and ADP Adenosine triphosphate & Adenosine diphosphate High energy bond Adenosine triphosphate & Adenosine diphosphate

ATP & ADP are cycled in the cells

NADPH & NADP+ are cycled the same way!

The Cloroplast ~relative of the first photosynthetic bacteria on our planet. Product of Endosymbiosis.

Pigments Definition: A light absorbing molecule (visible spectrum) - chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotonoids

Photosynthesis Reactions

Light Dependent Reactions aka: Light Reaction Thylakoids Photosystems (chlorophyll) Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase Produces ATP, NADPH & Oxygen gas Cyclic vs. Non-cyclic

Light-Independent Reaction aka: Calvin Cycle, Dark Reaction, Calvin-Benson cycle Stroma RuBP – carbon fixation Uses ATP & NADPH Creates carbohydrates, like glucose 6 CO2 needed to make C6H12O6 6 “turns” of the Calvin cycle to create C6H12O6

BIG PICTURE The sunlight energy excites electrons that are captured in ATP bonds and in the electrons in NADPH. That energy is transferred to the Calvin cycle and is transferred to the chemical bonds in the carbohydrates. Reactants Reactants: CO2 is used in ___________________ H2O is used in the _______________ Products: O2 is made in the _________________ Carbohydrates (C6H12O6) are made in the ____________________ Products

Quiz time #1 In molecules, the stored energy is found in: A. The bonds B. The atom C. The middle of the molecule D. None of the above

Quiz time #2 The molecule on this page is a picture of A. ATP B. ADP C. NADPH D. Glucose

Quiz time #3 ATP & NADPH are reactants in the photosynthesis equation. A. True B. False

Quiz time #4 ATP and NADPH are recycled between the Light-dependent reaction and the Light –independent reaction. A. True B. False

Quiz time #5 For the process of photosynthesis, ATP is made by A. The cyclic pathway B. The non-cyclic pathway C. The Calvin Cycle D. Both A & B E. By A, B & C F. None of the above

Quiz time #6 The Light –dependent reaction happens in the : A. stroma B. thylakoid membranes C. inner membrane space D. None of the above

Quiz time #7 The Light –independent reaction happens in the : A. stroma B. thylakoid membranes C. inner membrane space D. None of the above

Quiz time #8 The LDR makes all of the following EXCEPT: A. ATP B. NADPH C. O2 gas D. Carbohydrates

Quiz time #9 The LIR makes all of the following EXCEPT: A. ADP B. NADP+ C. CO2 gas D. Carbohydrates

Quiz time #10 Carbon in the CO2 molecule will eventually become A. The carbohydrate B. The carbon in the atmosphere C. The water D. None of the above

Quiz time #11 Oxygen in the H2O molecule will eventually become A. The carbohydrate B. The oxygen in the atmosphere C. The carbon dioxide D. None of the above

Quiz time #12 The hydrogen in C6H12O6 came from: A. the water B. the NADPH C. the air D. both A & B E. none of the above

Quiz time #13 If a carbohydrate has a chemical formula of C9H18O9, how many “turns” of the Calvin cycle are needed to create it? A. 1 B. 3 C. 6 D. 9 E. this carbohydrate cannot be made in the Calvin Cycle.

Quiz time #14 If you are seeing a color, the pigments in the object are ________ that wavelength: A. reflecting B. absorbing

Quiz time #15 When bonds are broken in a molecule, energy is ____________, but when the bonds are created, energy is ____________. A. release, stored B. stored, release C. created, destroyed D. destroyed, created