PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD CHAPTER 8.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD

THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST Chloroplast- the organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place Chlorophyll- chemical compound that gives plants the green color

THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST Mesophyll- inner layer of tissue in a leaf Stomata- pores (openings), CO2 enters and O2 leaves Veins- carry water, nutrients, and organic molecules

THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST Stroma- thick fluid inside the chloroplast Thylakoid- disc shaped sacs Granum- stack of thylakoids

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Two stages Light Reactions Calvin Cycle

THE LIGHT REACTIONS Converts the energy in sunlight to chemical energy Steps: 1) Chlorophyll molecules trap light energy 2) Water is broken down 3) O2 is released through stomata 4) H+ ions are used to make ATP and NADPH

CALVIN CYCLE Makes sugar from CO2 and hydrogen ions from NADPH and ATP Light independent reaction

CLASSWORK/exit slip 1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structures: outer and inner membranes, stroma, thylakoids. 2. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products? 3. Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?

THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY CHAPTER 8.2 THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY

LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy Electromagnetic energy travels in waves Wavelength- the distance between two waves

LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS Electromagnetic Spectrum- range of wavelengths

PIGMENTS AND COLOR Pigment- a chemical compound that determines a substances color Absorbed Transmitted Reflected

HARVESTING LIGHT ENERGY Photosystem- a cluster of chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS First PS (PSII) is known as the water-splitting photosystem Breaks down H2O Waste products Oxygen Hydrogen Ions

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS ETC connects the two photosystems Makes ATP

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS Second PS (PSI) is known as the NADPH producing photosystem

END PRODUCTS ATP NADPH Oxygen

CLASSWORK Explain why a leaf appears green. Describe what happens when a molecule of chlorophyll a absorbs light. Besides oxygen, what two molecules are produced by the light reactions? Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?

THE CALVIN CYCLE MAKES SUGAR CHAPTER 8.3 THE CALVIN CYCLE MAKES SUGAR

A TRIP AROUND THE CALVIN CYCLE Inputs ATP NADPH CO2 Outputs Sugar

SUMMARY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO2 + H2O + SUN --> C6H12O6 + O2 Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma

PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAS A GLOBAL IMPACT CHAPTER 8.4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAS A GLOBAL IMPACT

THE CARBON CYCLE The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE Greenhouse Effect- the process when the earths gases (CO2) trap in heat and will not allow it to escape

CLASSWORK 8.3 1. What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle? 2. Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant from the overall photosynthesis equation? Which stage generates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation? 3. Why is the Calvin cycle called a cycle? 4. What molecule is the direct product of photosynthesis? How is that molecule then used by plant cells?

8.4 1. Give an example of carbon moving from an inorganic compound to an organic compound in the carbon cycle. Give an example of carbon moving from an organic to an inorganic compound. 2. How is carbon dioxide important to Earth's climate?