Cells Structure/Function, Active/Passive Transport, & Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration TEST REVIEW! Test is on Tuesday, January 27th

What are the 3 parts to the cell theory? All living things are made of one or more cells. The cell is the smallest unit of life. All new cells come from pre-existing cells. *The cell theory was developed by observations from several scientists.

What scientists contributed to the cell theory? Robert Hooke Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolf Virchow Zacharias Jansen Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Cell Functions Rigid, outermost structure that protects the plant cell: ______________ Controls what goes in and out of the cell: _________ Gel-like material that holds cell organelles: ________ Brain of the cell, controls functions: ______________ Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Cell Functions Found in the nucleus, produces ribosomes: ________ Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus: ______ In plant cells, used during photosynthesis: ________ Receives, packages, and transports protein: _______ Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Chloroplasts Golgi body

Cell Functions Produces energy for the cell: _____________ Contains DNA & carries genetic info: ________ Produces proteins: ___________ Pathways with ribosomes: _____________ Mitochondria Chromatin Ribosomes Rough ER

Cell Functions Pathways without ribosomes: ____________ Break down large food particles: __________ Involved with cell division: _______________ Storage area, holds water, wastes, food: _______ Smooth ER Lysosomes Centriole Vacuole

Label the Plant Cell: 9 10 8 7 6 1 5 2 3 4

Label the Animal Cell: 2 1 9 3 8 4 7 5 6

What are the differences between plant and animal cells? Plant cells: chloroplasts and cell wall Animal cells: lysosomes and centrioles Plant cells: square; Animal cells: round Vacuole is bigger in the plant cell and the animal cell has many smaller vacuoles.

What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Eukaryotes = nucleus Prokaryotes = no nucleus (Hint: pro rhymes with no, so no nucleus in prokaryotes)

What does it mean to be “selectively permeable”? Some substances can pass through, while others cannot pass through.

How do molecules move in passive transport? Passive transport: move from high to low concentration (no energy – going downhill)

How do molecules move in active transport? Active transport: move from low to high concentration (needs energy – going uphill)

What are three examples of passive transport? Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion

What is Diffusion? Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

What is Osmosis? Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

What is Facilitated Diffusion? Facilitated Diffusion is a type of diffusion that uses special transport proteins (channel & carrier proteins).

What are two examples of Active Transport? Endocytosis Exocytosis

What is Endocytosis? Endocytosis is the cell taking in a substance. (Endo  enter) Engulfing is an example of this.

What is Exocytosis? Exocytosis is the process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell. (Exo  exit)

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams: Equilibrium has been reached, an even amount on each side Active Transport: low to high concentration Shows the substances moving

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams: Passive Transport – high to low concentration, going downhill, using no energy. Active Transport – low to high concentration, going uphill, using energy.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams: This is an example of endocytosis. An amoeba is engulfing a white blood cell.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams: This is an example of equilibrium. Over time, the molecules become evenly dispersed above and below the cell membrane.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams: This is an example of facilitated diffusion because of the special transport proteins.

What is cellular respiration? A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a useable form of energy called ATP.

What is photosynthesis? A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen.

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? Write the equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6  + 6O2 -----> 6CO2  + 6H20 + energy (ATP) (sugar) (oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water) Reactants Products 29

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis: Reactants Products 30

In what cell structure does photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

In what cell structure does cellular respiration occur? 1st stage: Cytoplasm 2nd stage: Mitochondria

What is Glycolysis? Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules.

What is Fermentation? Fermentation is a reaction cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.

Different Types of Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation: C6H12O6  ATP + Lactic Acid Alcohol Fermentation: C6H12O6  ATP + CO2 + Alcohol Reactants Products Reactants Products

For more review… Complete the study guide handed out to you in class by Ms. Magan and/or complete the study guide on your Google Drive. Get your study guide checked by Ms. Magan or your RAS teacher. Hand your study guide in the day of the test to receive extra credit points! Play any of the review games on Ms. Magan’s or Mrs. Caiola’s webpage! Good luck and come see Ms. Magan or Mrs. Caiola with any questions!!!   