Neuroimaging studies of normal aging The effects of normal aging on cognition Neuroimaging as a scientific tool The physiological basis of cognitive changes.

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Presentation transcript:

Neuroimaging studies of normal aging The effects of normal aging on cognition Neuroimaging as a scientific tool The physiological basis of cognitive changes in normal aging

Attention Executive function Visuospatial skills Memory Language

Working Memory is the ability to maintain and manipulate information over short periods of time necessary to guide behavior

> MAINTAIN > MAINTAIN and MANIPULATE

Where’s the flag? Is this supposed to be fun? Should I kick it?

Mean Reaction Time (msec) Task Condition 70s-80s 50s-60s 20s-30s ALONECOUNTINGDIGIT SPAN

STRUCTURALFUNCTIONAL Magnetic Resonance ImagingPositron Emission Tomography

Structural brain changes with aging changes in brain volume youngold

FRONTAL OTHER BRAIN REGIONS

STRUCTURALFUNCTIONAL Magnetic Resonance ImagingPositron Emission Tomography

OLD YOUNG

red = right eye blue = left eye Ocular dominance columnsPrimary visual cortex (V1) SPATIAL RESOLUTION

TEMPORAL RESOLUTION

+ + + CUEDELAYRESPONSE

YOUNGELDERLY UNDER RECRUITMENT OVER RECRUITMENT YOUNG OLD NON-SELECTIVE RECRUITMENT

Reaction Time (msec) 2 Letters6 Letters

FASTESTSLOWESTYOUNG

FAST > SLOW Neural recruitment Information processing speed LESS > MORE

Memory Load Young Old Reaction Time (msec)

FASTESTSLOWEST YOUNG OLD

Neural recruitment LESS > MORE FAST > SLOW Information processing speed SLOW > FAST YOUNGOLD

Summary Age-related decline in selective cognitive processes Functional MRI is a powerful method with excellent spatial and temporal resolution to study the physiological basis of cognitive decline in normal aging Evidence for selective prefrontal cortical dysfunction (I.e. under-recruitment) with normal aging Possible neural as well as behavioral compensation

EVXRCe time Working memory taskFunctional MRI

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